Dual functions of ILs in the core-shell particle reinforced epoxy networks: Curing agent vs dispersion aids

Epoxy resin will continue to be in the forefront of many thermoset applications due to its versatile properties. However, with advancement in manufacturing, changing societal outlook for the chemical industries and emerging technologies that disrupt conventional approaches to thermoset fabrication, there is a need for a multifunctional epoxy resin that is able to adapt to newer and robust requirements. Epoxy resins that behave both like a thermoplastic and a thermoset resin with better properties are now the norm in research and development. In this paper, we viewed multifunctionality in epoxy resins in terms of other desirable properties such as its toughness and flexibility, rapid curing potential, self-healing ability, reprocessability and recyclability, high temperature stability and conductivity, which other authors failed to recognize. These aspects, when considered in the synthesis and formulation of epoxy resins will be a radical advance for thermosetting polymers, with a lot of applications. Therefore, we present an overview of the recent finding as to pave the way for varied approaches towards multifunctional epoxy resins.

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“…Nevertheless, the toughening mechanism can also be influenced by the interaction between cured epoxy matrix and CSR particles. 72…”

Section: Toughness Enhanced Resinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multifunctionality in Epoxy Resins

2019

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“…However, epoxy resin is inherently brittle because of its high degree of cross‐linking. To overcome these limitations, researchers have incorporated rubber , thermoplastic , clay , carbon nanotubes , and graphene in epoxy resin to improve its toughness. The toughening agents used in these methods are always highly viscous liquids or even solid fillers, which make the molding process very difficult due to increased viscosity of the epoxy blends.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous toughening and strengthening of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol‐a using epoxy‐ended hyperbranched polymers obtained from thiol‐ene click reaction

Zhang

Liu

Cheng

et al. 2017

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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Epoxy‐ended hyperbranched polymers (EHBP) has become a class of additives for diglycidyl ether of bisphenol‐A (DGEBA), but it is tedious processes retards wide application. Here, we prepared EHBP by a thiol‐ene click reaction between thiol‐terminated hyperbranched polyesters and allyl glycidyl ether and modified DGEBA. The incorporation of EHBP significantly enhanced the toughness and strength of DGEBA. The mechanical properties of EHBP/DGEBA composite increased remarkably with the increasing EHBP molecular weight initially, and then decreased with further increase of EHBP molecular weight. The maximum increase of mechanical properties was observed in EHBP‐12/DGEBA composites. With increasing EHBPE‐12 content, the mechanical performance of the EHBP‐12/DGEBA composites increased firstly and plateaued at 9 wt% EHBP‐2. At 9 wt% EHBP‐12 content, the tensile strength, flexural strength and impact strength increased to 74.46 MPa, 143.58 MPa, and 39.09 kJ m−2, respectively. When loading was increased from 12 to 15 wt%, the mechanical performance started to decrease. The use of EHBP slightly decreased the thermal stability and the glass transition temperature. Protonema observed in the fracture surface can be used to explain the significant improvement in mechanical properties. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 58:1703–1709, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers

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“…In this case, the presence of DES in the systems cured with cycloaliphatic amine is beneficial for the dispersion of the in-situ generated silica, this being demonstrated by a general increase in T g , in the mechanical characteristics and in thermal resistance in the oxygen atmosphere. Although the role of dispersing agents of imidazolium-based ILs has been recently demonstrated for nanofilled epoxy systems [59,60], it is the first time that the beneficial effects of DES in the synthesis of O-I epoxy hybrids is reported.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cold-Cured Epoxy-Based Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Resins Containing Deep Eutectic Solvents

Lionetto

Timo

2018

Polymers

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The development of improved cold-cured resins, to be used as either adhesives or matrices for FRP (fiber reinforced polymer) composites employed in the construction industry, has become the focus of several academic and industrial research projects. It is expected that the use of nano-structured organic–inorganic hybrid materials could represent a realistic alternative to commercial epoxy-based resins due to their superior properties, especially in terms of higher durability against: moisture, temperatures, harsh environments, and fire. In this context, organic–inorganic epoxy hybrids were synthesized by a modified sol–gel method without the addition of water. The experimental formulations were prepared starting from a mixture of a silane-functionalized epoxy resin, alkoxysilane components and a deep eutectic solvent (DES) based on a blend of choline chloride and urea. The latter was added in two different loads in order to analyze in depth its effect as a promoter for an effective dispersion of silica nano-phases, formed through hydrolysis and condensation reactions, into the cross-linked epoxy network. The produced formulations were cold-cured for different time spans in the presence of two hardeners, both suitable for a curing process at ambient temperature. In this first part of a wider experimental program, several analyses were carried out on the liquid (rheological and calorimetric) and cold-cured (calorimetric, thermogravimetric, dynamic-mechanical, flexural mechanical, and morphological) systems to evaluate and quantify the improvement in properties brought about by the presence of two different phases (organic and inorganic) in the same epoxy-based hybrid system.

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Dual functions of ILs in the core-shell particle reinforced epoxy networks: Curing agent vs dispersion aids

Cited by 26 publications

References 45 publications

Multifunctionality in Epoxy Resins

Multifunctionality in Epoxy Resins

Simultaneous toughening and strengthening of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol‐a using epoxy‐ended hyperbranched polymers obtained from thiol‐ene click reaction

Cold-Cured Epoxy-Based Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Resins Containing Deep Eutectic Solvents

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