Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry for total-body and regional bone-mineral and soft-tissue composition

Mazess, Richard B.; Barden, Howard S.; Bisek, Joseph; Hanson, James A.

doi:10.1093/ajcn/51.6.1106

Cited by 1,364 publications

(785 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Body fat (BF), fat-free mass (FFM), percentage body fat (%BF) and total body bone mineral content (BMC) were determined using a dual X-ray absorptiometer (DPX-L, Lunar Corp., Madison, WI; using DPX-L 1.3 software, Mazess et al, 1990). A total body scan over the entire length of a subject's body was performed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive nutritional status in recently diagnosed patients with inflammatory bowel disease compared with population controls

et al. 2000

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Objective: Malnutrition is observed frequently in patients with in¯ammatory bowel disease (IBD). Knowledge of the nutritional status in patients with recently diagnosed IBD is limited. The aim of this study was to establish a comprehensive picture of the nutritional status in recently diagnosed IBD patients. Subjects: Sixty-nine IBD patients (23 Crohn's disease (CD) and 46 with ulcerative colitis (UC)) within 6 months of diagnosis and 69 age-and sex-matched population controls were included in the study. Methods: The nutritional status was assessed by: (1) body composition (anthropometry and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry); (2) dietary intake (dietary history); (3) biochemical indexes of nutrition; and (4) muscle strength (isokinetic dynamometer). Results: Body weight and body mass index were signi®cantly lower in UC patients compared with controls. The mean daily intake of carbohydrates was signi®cantly higher in CD patients and the intakes of protein, calcium, phosphorus, and ribo¯avin were signi®cantly lower in UC patients compared with controls, respectively. Serum concentrations of several nutrients (b-carotene, magnesium, selenium and zinc) were signi®cantly lower in UC patients compared with controls. Serum vitamin B 12 concentration was signi®cantly lower in CD patients. Muscle strength did not signi®cantly differ between IBD patients and controls.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive nutritional status in recently diagnosed patients with inflammatory bowel disease compared with population controls

et al. 2000

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“…It is safe, with a radiation dose below 5 mrem, and a whole body scan takes approximately 10 ± 20 min. 19,20 This technique has been used in assessment of SCI and appears to be tolerated well by this population. 1,2,21 DEXA provides a precise and accurate measure of body composition, and unlike chemical testing, hydrodensitometry or anthropometry, gives a regional distribution of bone, fat and lean tissue mass.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,2,21 DEXA provides a precise and accurate measure of body composition, and unlike chemical testing, hydrodensitometry or anthropometry, gives a regional distribution of bone, fat and lean tissue mass. 19,22 The present short study was undertaken to examine bone and soft tissue changes, using DEXA, in a small group of male paraplegics in comparison with age-and height-matched able-bodied controls.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DEXA: a practical and accurate tool to demonstrate total and regional bone loss, lean tissue loss and fat mass gain in paraplegia

1998

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Persons with spinal cord injury lose lean tissue mass and bone but gain body fat. There is a need to quantify the magnitude of these changes in body composition because there are associated skeletal and cardiovascular health risks. We have compared total body and regional (lower limb) di erences in body composition in a group of males with paraplegia and in healthy able-bodied males matched for age, and height using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Although patients and controls had similar body mass indices, signi®cant reductions in lean tissue mass (16% less) and bone (12% less) were observed in those with spinal cord injury. Group di erences were even more pronounced in the lower limb. DEXA also revealed large increases in fat mass in subjects who did not look obese, total fat mass being 47% higher in the paraplegic group. We suggest that DEXA provides a simple and practical means to quantify both whole body and regional changes in body composition associated with spinal cord injury.

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“…Body composition and android body fat were estimated noninvasively using the total body scan by DXA (GE Lunar, Chicago, IL) (Mazess, Barden, Bisek, & Hanson, 1990). For measuring android fat, a region of interest was automatically defined by the software, in which the caudal limit was placed at the top of the iliac crest and its height set to 20% of the distance from the top of the iliac crest to the base of the skull to define its cephalad limit (Stults‐Kolehmainen et al., 2013).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonfat milk attenuates acute hyperglycemia in individuals with android obesity: A randomized control trial

Leary

Roy

Lim

et al. 2018

Food Science & Nutrition

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BackgroundElevated android body fat increases the risk of developing cardiometabolic diseases. Postprandial hyperglycemia contributes to the proatherogenic metabolic state evident in android adiposity. Due to the insulinotropic effect of milk‐derived proteins, postprandial hyperglycemia has been shown to be reduced with the addition of dairy products. The purpose of this study was to determine whether one serving of nonfat milk added to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) could attenuate postprandial hyperglycemia in individuals with elevated android adiposity and whether these improvements would be associated with metabolic and/or peripheral hemodynamic effects.MethodsIn this placebo‐controlled, randomized, crossover experimental study, 29 overweight/obese adults (26 ± 1 year) consumed an OGTT beverage (75 g glucose) combined with either nonfat milk (227 g) or a placebo control (12 g lactose + 8 g protein + 207 g water) that was matched for both carbohydrate and protein quantities.ResultsIn the whole sample, blood glucose and insulin concentrations increased over time in both trials with no significant differences between trials. Relative increases in peak blood glucose response were significantly related to android body fat (p < 0.05). The subjects in the highest tertiles of android body fat displayed attenuated hyperglycemic responses as well as improvements in flow‐mediated dilation (FMD) after milk intake.ConclusionsA single serving of nonfat milk may attenuate acute hyperglycemia in individuals with elevated android body fat offering a simple and convenient option for managing elevations in blood glucose.

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Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry for total-body and regional bone-mineral and soft-tissue composition

Cited by 1,364 publications

References 14 publications

Comprehensive nutritional status in recently diagnosed patients with inflammatory bowel disease compared with population controls

Comprehensive nutritional status in recently diagnosed patients with inflammatory bowel disease compared with population controls

DEXA: a practical and accurate tool to demonstrate total and regional bone loss, lean tissue loss and fat mass gain in paraplegia

Nonfat milk attenuates acute hyperglycemia in individuals with android obesity: A randomized control trial

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