Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry body composition and aging in a population-based older cohort

Shaw, Kelly A.; Srikanth, Velandai; Fryer, J. G.; Blizzard, Leigh; Dwyer, Terry; Venn, Alison

doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0803417

Cited by 52 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Absolute and percentage values were obtained for the body and its segments, using the following parameters: body fat; muscle mass; AMMI; upper leg muscle mass (ULMM); lower limb muscle mass (LLMM) and bone mineral content. 9 The examination was carried out by a technician who had been trained by the International Society for Clinical Densitometry (ISCD). The equipment used was calibrated according to ISCD 2013-2015 regulations.…”

Section: Sarcopenia Indicatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This method can quantify fat content, muscle mass and body bone mass more accurately, especially among the elderly population. 9,11 The correlation between sarcopenia and balance in the elderly has previously been investigated. Studies have shown that muscle strength affects the static balance (feet together, tandem, semi-tandem, eyes open and eyes closed) and gait of elderly community-dwellers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most common method in literature involves indirect estimates to assess the body composition using anthropometric data, such as the Body Mass Index (BMI), and bioimpedance. 9,10 However, Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) is a more precise method and is the gold standard for assessments of body composition. This method can quantify fat content, muscle mass and body bone mass more accurately, especially among the elderly population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Indicators of sarcopenia and their relation to intrinsic and extrinsic factors relating to falls among active elderly women

Rossetin

Rodrigues

Gallo

et al. 2016

Rev. bras. geriatr. gerontol.

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Introduction: Musculoskeletal aging can impair functional performance increasing the risk of falls. Objective: To analyze the correlation between sarcopenia and the intrinsic and extrinsic factors involved in falls among community-dwelling elderly women. Method: A cross-sectional study evaluated the number of falls of 85 active community-dwelling elderly women in the previous year and then divided them into two groups: non-fallers (n=61) and fallers (n=24). The sarcopenia indicators assessed were gait speed (GS, 10m); handgrip strength (HS); calf circumference; appendicular muscle mass index (DXA). Intrinsic factors: Mental State Examination (MSE); visual acuity; depression (GDS-30); hip, knee (Lequesne) and ankle/foot (FAOS) pain/function; vestibular function (Fukuda test); functional mobility and risk of falls (TUG); power (sitting and standing five times); gait (treadmill); fear of falling (FES-I-Brazil). Extrinsic factors: risk/security features in homes. The independent t test was applied for comparisons between groups and the Pearson and Spearman tests were used for correlations (p<0.05). Results: There was a moderate correlation between HS and GS in non-fallers (r=0.47; p=0.001) and fallers (r= 0.54; p=0.03). There was a moderate negative correlation (r= -0.52; p=0.03) between FES-I-Brazil and gait cadence in fallers. There was a greater presence of stairs ( p=0.001) and throw rugs ( p=0.03) in the homes of fallers than non-fallers. Conclusion: The elderly women were not sarcopenic. Elderly fallers presented inferior gait cadence and a greater fear of falling. Residential risks were determining factors for falls, and were more relevant than intrinsic factors in the evaluation of falls among active community-dwelling elders.

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Section: Sarcopenia Indicatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Indicators of sarcopenia and their relation to intrinsic and extrinsic factors relating to falls among active elderly women

Rossetin

Rodrigues

Gallo

et al. 2016

Rev. bras. geriatr. gerontol.

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“…2 Although DXA is the gold standard for assessing body composition, given that it quantifies the fat content, lean body mass and bone mass in the body, an earlier study used indirect estimates to assess body composition with anthropometric data, such as the body mass index (BMI), and recorded results that were very similar to the DXA. 6 Until now, only two studies have addressed the profile of sarcopenia in Brazil, although neither compared diagnostic methods. 7,8 Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the presence of sarcopenia in healthy communitydwelling elderly women using combinations of different methods to assess muscle mass and physical performance, as well as to determine if there was concordance between the combinations in relation to the definition of sarcopenia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Análise de métodos para detectar sarcopenia em idosas independentes da comunidade

Paula

Wamser

Gomes

et al. 2016

Rev. bras. geriatr. gerontol.

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Introduction: Aging imposes changes in the body composition of individuals. One of the most striking changes during this period is the progressive loss of mass, strength and muscle function, known as sarcopenia. Objectives: To evaluate the presence of sarcopenia in healthy elderly women living in the community through a combination of different methods to assess muscle mass (MM) and physical performance, as well as analyzing whether there is correlation between the different methods of defining sarcopenia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed of 37 older adults of the Universidade Aberta da Maturidade (Open University for Mature Persons). The parameters used to assess MM were calf circumference (CC) and skeletal muscle mass (SMM) through bioelectrical impedance (BIA) and the skeletal muscle index (SMI) Handgrip strength (HS) using a manual dynamometer, gait speed (GS) over 10m and the timed up and go (TUG) test for functional mobility were used to measure physical performance. To compare the sarcopenia diagnostic methods four different combinations were employed: C1= SMI+HS+GS; C2= SMI+HS+TUG; C3= CC+HS+GS and C4= CC+HS+TUG, according to European consensus proposals. To verify the differences between the methods the Kruskal-Wallis test and Multiple Comparisons for Unpaired Data were applied, and the weighted Kappa coefficient was used to assess the degree of agreement. Results: The C1 and C2 combinations identified pre-sarcopenia, sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia. A close correlation between C1 and C2 was found (0.92), while C3 and C4 did not identify the presence of sarcopenia in the elderly women. Conclusion: CC used to evaluate MM was not precise in the detection of sarcopenia in overweight elderly women. However, there was a strong agreement between the two combinations using SMI and GS or TUG, suggesting that both can be effectively applied in clinical practice.

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“…Data are taken in men from studies performed on subjects with varying age and classified as <60, 60-75, >75 years (3,14,15,16) Obesity should be defined as the amount of excess fat storage associated with elevated health risk. Since many health risks, including osteo-arthritis (4), loss of autonomy (13), and decreased quality of life are associated with increased fatness in the elderly, it may be more appropriate to define obesity on fatness than on BMI.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity in the elderly: Should we be using new diagnostic criteria?

Ritz

2009

The Journal of nutrition, health and aging

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EDITORIALThe proportion of elderly people is growing in almost every country. This conveys a higher rate of diseases associated with age among which nutrition-related disorders are many. Proteinenergy malnutrition is highly prevalent (about 50%) in institutions and acute care units. Obesity is another issue that is raising increasing attention. The proportion of persons "diagnosed as obese" is higher in the elderly than in their young pairs. For example, in France, the latest survey conducted in 2006 (1) shows than the mean prevalence of obesity is 12.6, but more than 15% in those aged 65 years and above. Since obesity is associated with co-morbidities, it follows that at least one out of 5 of the patients in our wards are likely to be obese.Obesity is diagnosed as a BMI (Weight/Height²) higher than 30 kg/m² (2). This is the criterion that is used to estimate the prevalence irrespective of age. However, although it is true that weight tends to increase with age (3), the increase in BMI is also associated with a reduced height. It is estimated that height decreases by 8 cm in women and by 5 cm in men between 20 and 85 years of age (4-5). Therefore BMI naturally increases with age and mean values at 65 years are around 26 kg/m², higher than 25 and in the group of patients classified overweight. Each cm loss in height increases BMI between 0.2 and 0.3 units (for heights between 150 and 180 cms). Despite this mathematical artifact, the increased prevalence between 2003 and 2006, on the same French population (1) suggests that there is indeed an growing number of people with a high BMI as age increases.Body composition changes with age: fat mass increases especially in the central area of the body and is said to double between 20 and 85 years of age (6). Fat-free mass decreases by 15% over the same age range and more than 2/3 of the decline is made of muscle (6-7). Muscle tissue is infiltrated with triglycerides (8). This means that the BMI-%fat relationship varies with age. Figures 1 and 2 illustrate this concept, with a higher fatness for a given BMI as age increases. Furthermore, since there is a decrease in lean mass, a high BMI in a young adult (high lean mass, high fat mass, 9) corresponds to a different body composition in an older person (low lean mass, high fat mass). Further to this basic difference in body composition are the concepts of 1) sarcopenic obesity, with an increased fatness and a very low muscle mass, which carries specific consequences (10), and 2) an increased deposition of fat in the abdomen which drives metabolic consequences.The BMI cut-offs to define obesity have been chosen because of an increased all cause mortality as BMI increases above 25 kg/m² (2). In the elderly, this relationship is not the same. In a cohort of 13,000 subjects from California, aged 73 at study entry and followed up for 23 years, the adjusted relative risk of death is 1.35 before 70, 1.33 between 70 and 75, 1.12 above 75 and 1.22 above 80 years (11). Zamboni et al have reviewed (4) carefully this relationship. It l...

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Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry body composition and aging in a population-based older cohort

Cited by 52 publications

References 15 publications

Indicators of sarcopenia and their relation to intrinsic and extrinsic factors relating to falls among active elderly women

Indicators of sarcopenia and their relation to intrinsic and extrinsic factors relating to falls among active elderly women

Análise de métodos para detectar sarcopenia em idosas independentes da comunidade

Obesity in the elderly: Should we be using new diagnostic criteria?

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