Dual energy imaging in cardiothoracic pathologies: A primer for radiologists and clinicians

Gupta, Amit; Kikano, Elias; Bera, Kaustav; Baruah, Dhiraj; Saboo, Sachin S.; Lennartz, Simon; Hokamp, Nils Große; Gholamrezanezhad, Ali; Gilkeson, Robert C.; Laukamp, Kai Roman

doi:10.1016/j.ejro.2021.100324

Cited by 25 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…This technique, its status, and its current applications have been extensively reviewed in a recent overview article, to which readers are kindly referred. 5 Spectral CT is used in pulmonary embolism suspicion for improved image quality and assessment of pulmonary perfusion, and can yield additional information in pulmonary hypertension. Furthermore, blood volume information from spectral CT can help to distinguish parenchymal pathologies like pneumonia or infarct.…”

Section: Computed Tomographymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A third important topic of progress is so‐called spectral or dual‐energy CT. This technique, its status, and its current applications have been extensively reviewed in a recent overview article, to which readers are kindly referred 5 . Spectral CT is used in pulmonary embolism suspicion for improved image quality and assessment of pulmonary perfusion, and can yield additional information in pulmonary hypertension.…”

Section: Computed Tomographymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Innovations in thoracic imaging: CT, radiomics, AI and x‐ray velocimetry

Vliegenthart

Fouras²,

Jacobs

et al. 2022

Respirology

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In recent years, pulmonary imaging has seen enormous progress, with the introduction, validation and implementation of new hardware and software. There is a general trend from mere visual evaluation of radiological images to quantification of abnormalities and biomarkers, and assessment of ‘non visual’ markers that contribute to establishing diagnosis or prognosis. Important catalysts to these developments in thoracic imaging include new indications (like computed tomography [CT] lung cancer screening) and the COVID‐19 pandemic. This review focuses on developments in CT, radiomics, artificial intelligence (AI) and x‐ray velocimetry for imaging of the lungs. Recent developments in CT include the potential for ultra‐low‐dose CT imaging for lung nodules, and the advent of a new generation of CT systems based on photon‐counting detector technology. Radiomics has demonstrated potential towards predictive and prognostic tasks particularly in lung cancer, previously not achievable by visual inspection by radiologists, exploiting high dimensional patterns (mostly texture related) on medical imaging data. Deep learning technology has revolutionized the field of AI and as a result, performance of AI algorithms is approaching human performance for an increasing number of specific tasks. X‐ray velocimetry integrates x‐ray (fluoroscopic) imaging with unique image processing to produce quantitative four dimensional measurement of lung tissue motion, and accurate calculations of lung ventilation.

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Section: Computed Tomographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Computed Tomographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Innovations in thoracic imaging: CT, radiomics, AI and x‐ray velocimetry

Vliegenthart

Fouras²,

Jacobs

et al. 2022

Respirology

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“…Основным недостатком метода является то, что для расчета распределения йодсодержащего контрастного препарата применяется повторное сканирование до и после введения контрастного препарата с последующей субтракцией нативных изображений из постконтрастных, что увеличивает лучевую нагрузку на пациента [13,17,18]. Для увеличения чувствительности мето да была предложена двухэнергетическая компьютерная томография (ДЭКТ), основанная на различных характеристиках ослабления ткани при использовании двух различных энергий рентгеновского излучения [19].…”

Section: Detection Of Extracellular Myocardial Matrix With Dual Energ...unclassified

Detection of extracellular myocardial matrix with Dual Energy computed tomography: systematic review and meta-analysis

Lisitskaya

Vershinina

Мершина

et al. 2022

Medicinskaâ vizualizaciâ

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Background. The amount of extracellular myocardial matrix is a non-invasive tool for quantitative assessment of myocardial fibrosis. MRI with late gadolinium-enhancement is considered to be the “Gold standard” of non-invasive practice. Dual Energy computed tomography is a new non-invasive approach for detection of myocardial fibrosis and its prognostic value remains unclear.The purpose of this study was to summarize all available data and to study prognostic value of DECT for the detection of fibrotic changes in myocardium.Methods. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, SCOPUS and Web of Science for cohort studies up to October 2021 that reported myocardial extracellular volume fraction quantification using contrast enhanced dual energy CT or/and MRI with delayed enhancement.Results. Eleven studies met eligibility criteria. A systematic analysis demonstrated the difference in extracellular volume fraction in patients with fibrotic and inflammation changes of the myocardium, as well as good comparability between DECT and MRI. The value of extracellular volume fraction in myocardium with fibrotic or inflammatory changes was higher than in healthy tissue, which makes it possible to use the ECV as a non-invasive marker of myocardial fibrosis.

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“…It allows ED imaging by differentiation of Compton scattering and photoelectric effect attenuation through measurement of attenuation at two different energies [ 8 ]. Compton scattering is influenced mainly by the material density, while the ED is dependent on Compton scattering in the high-energy range, such as in radiation therapy [ 9 , 10 ]. Despite the broad use of ED maps for the calculation of radiation doses in radiation oncology, this technique has not been widely used in diagnostic radiology, with one case series reporting the use of ED images to visualize lung opacity in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic performance of electron-density dual-energy CT in detection of cervical disc herniation in comparison with standard gray-scale CT and virtual non-calcium images

et al. 2022

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Objectives To assess the diagnostic performance of dual-energy CT (DECT) with electron-density (ED) image reconstruction compared with standard CT (SC) and virtual non-calcium (VNCa) image CT reconstruction for detecting cervical disc herniation. Methods This cross-sectional study was approved by the IRB. We enrolled 64 patients (336 intervertebral discs from C2/3 to C7/T1; mean age, 55 years; 17 women and 47 men) who underwent DECT with spectral reconstruction and 3-T MRI within 2 weeks between January 2018 and June 2020. Four radiologists independently evaluated the first image set of randomized SC, VNCa, and ED images to detect cervical disc herniation. After 8 weeks, the readers re-evaluated the second and the last image sets with an 8-week interval. MRI evaluations performed by two other experienced served as the reference standard. Comparing diagnostic performance between each images set was evaluated by a generalized estimating equation. Results A total of 233 cervical disc herniations were noted on MRI. For detecting cervical disc herniation, electron-density images showed higher sensitivity (94% [219/233; 95% CI, 90–97] vs. 76% [177/233; 70–81] vs. 69% [160/233; 62–76]) ( p < 0.001) and similar specificity (90% [93/103; 83–95] vs. 89% [92/103; 82–96] vs. 90% [93/103; 83–95]) ( p > 0.05) as SC and VNCa images, respectively. Inter-reader agreement for cervical disc herniation calculated among the four readers was moderate for all image sets ( κ = 0.558 for ED, κ = 0.422 for SC, and κ = 0.449 for VNCa). Conclusion DECT with ED reconstruction can improve cervical disc herniation detection and diagnostic confidence compared with SC and VNCa images. Key Points • Intervertebral discs with high material density are well visualized on electron-density images obtained from dual-energy CT. • Electron-density images showed much higher sensitivity and diagnostic accuracy than standard CT and virtual non-calcium images for the detection of cervical disc herniation. • Electron-density images can have false-negative results, especially for disc herniation with high signal intensity on T2W images and can show pseudo-disc extrusion at the lower cervical spine. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00330-021-08374-y.

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Dual energy imaging in cardiothoracic pathologies: A primer for radiologists and clinicians

Cited by 25 publications

References 78 publications

Innovations in thoracic imaging: CT, radiomics, AI and x‐ray velocimetry

Innovations in thoracic imaging: CT, radiomics, AI and x‐ray velocimetry

Detection of extracellular myocardial matrix with Dual Energy computed tomography: systematic review and meta-analysis

Diagnostic performance of electron-density dual-energy CT in detection of cervical disc herniation in comparison with standard gray-scale CT and virtual non-calcium images

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