Dual-ended readout small animal PET detector by using 0.5 mm pixelated LYSO crystal arrays and SiPMs

Kuang, Zhonghua; Wang, Xiaohui; Fu, Xin; Ren, Na; Yang, Qian; Zhao, Binqing; Zhang, Chunhui; Wu, San; Sang, Ziru; Hu, Zhanli; Du, Junwei; Liang, Dong; Liu, Xin; Zheng, Hairong; Yang, Yongfeng

doi:10.1016/j.nima.2018.11.011

Cited by 46 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Wei et al [ 39 ] designed a detector based on a sparse SiPM array and a side-by-side phoswich crystal array which was composed of LYSO and

(GAGG). Kuang et al [ 40 ] coupled two SiPM arrays at both ends of the LYSO crystal array to form a double-ended readout PET detector. Table 1 summarizes detailed specifications and performances of the detectors developed in the previous studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Evaluation of LYSO/SiPM LIGHTENING PET Detector with DTI Sampling Method

Deng

Chen

2020

Sensors

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Positron emission tomography (PET) has a wide range of applications in the treatment and prevention of major diseases owing to its high sensitivity and excellent resolution. However, there is still much room for optimization in the readout circuit and fast pulse sampling to further improve the performance of the PET scanner. In this work, a LIGHTENING® PET detector using a 13 × 13 lutetium-yttrium oxyorthosilicate (LYSO) crystal array read out by a 6 × 6 silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) array was developed. A novel sampling method, referred to as the dual time interval (DTI) method, is therefore proposed to realize digital acquisition of fast scintillation pulse. A semi-cut light guide was designed, which greatly improves the resolution of the edge region of the crystal array. The obtained flood histogram shown that all the 13 × 13 crystal pixels can be clearly discriminated. The optimum operating conditions for the detector were obtained by comparing the flood histogram quality under different experimental conditions. An average energy resolution (FWHM) of 14.3% and coincidence timing resolution (FWHM) of 972 ps were measured. The experimental results demonstrated that the LIGHTENING® PET detector achieves extremely high resolution which is suitable for the development of a high performance time-of-flight PET scanner.

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“…Wei et al [ 39 ] designed a detector based on a sparse SiPM array and a side-by-side phoswich crystal array which was composed of LYSO and

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Evaluation of LYSO/SiPM LIGHTENING PET Detector with DTI Sampling Method

Deng

Chen

2020

Sensors

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“…On a smaller scale, preclinical PET systems already achieve nearly perfect spatial resolution uniformity with DOI resolutions on the order of 1 − 2 mm using detector module configurations that would be impractical for human scanners (i.e., thin crystals, dualended readout, etc.) [36][37][38][39], but our CNN method may enable more cost-effective preclinical systems to be developed with similar DOI resolution. In addition, a recent study demonstrated how sub-2 mm DOI resolution can enable uniform spatial resolution on the order of 1 mm due to drastically reduced parallax error [40].…”

Section: Accepted Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Sub‐2 mm depth of interaction localization in PET detectors with prismatoid light guide arrays and single‐ended readout using convolutional neural networks

et al. 2021

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Purpose Depth of interaction (DOI) readout in PET imaging has been researched in efforts to mitigate parallax error, which would enable the development of small diameter, high‐resolution PET scanners. However, DOI PET has not yet been commercialized due to the lack of practical, cost‐effective, and data efficient DOI readout methods. The rationale for this study was to develop a supervised machine learning algorithm for DOI estimation in PET that can be trained and deployed on unique sets of crystals. Methods Depth collimated flood data was experimentally acquired using a Na‐22 source with a depth‐encoding single‐ended readout Prism‐PET module consisting of lutetium yttrium orthosilicate (LYSO) crystals coupled 4‐to‐1 to 3×3 mm2 silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) pixels on one end and a segmented prismatoid light guide array on the other end. A convolutional neural network (CNN) was trained to perform DOI estimation on data from center, edge and corner crystals in the Prism‐PET module using (a) all non‐zero readout pixels and (b) only the 4 highest readout signals per event. CNN testing was performed on data from crystals not included in CNN training. Results An average DOI resolution of 1.84 mm full width at half maximum (FWHM) across all crystals was achieved when using all readout signals per event with the CNN compared to 3.04 mm FWHM DOI resolution using classical estimation. When using only the 4 highest signals per event, an average DOI resolution of 1.92 mm FWHM was achieved, representing only a 4% dropoff in CNN performance compared to using all non‐zero pixels per event. Conclusions Our CNN‐based DOI estimation algorithm provides the best reported DOI resolution in a single‐ended readout module and can be readily deployed on crystals not used for model training.

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“…With this configuration, a DOI accuracy of 1.84 mm FWHM was obtained. 83 A similar method was implemented in a new dual-ended PET insert with 48 detector blocks and AFOV of 106 mm. DOI resolution of 1.96 mm was measured for the insert composed of 1 Â 1 Â 20 mm 3 LYSO crystals read out by SiPMs from each crystal end.…”

Section: Spatial Resolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Preliminary investigations of the PET insert indicated a uniform spatial resolution of 0.8 mm within the 50 mm of the scanner's TFOV with 15% sensitivity using an energy window of 250 to 750 keV. 83 The attenuation caused by the front photosensor, poor timing, and energy resolution, unavoidable gap regions between detection modules and twice more the number of photosensors are the major limitations of this readout technique. The most promising and cost-efficient solution seems to be continuous DOI encoding, which is feasible by means of monolithic crystal slabs.…”

Section: Spatial Resolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Preclinical PET Instrumentation

Amirrashedi

Zaidi

2020

PET Clinics

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Dual-ended readout small animal PET detector by using 0.5 mm pixelated LYSO crystal arrays and SiPMs

Cited by 46 publications

References 34 publications

Design and Evaluation of LYSO/SiPM LIGHTENING PET Detector with DTI Sampling Method

Design and Evaluation of LYSO/SiPM LIGHTENING PET Detector with DTI Sampling Method

Sub‐2 mm depth of interaction localization in PET detectors with prismatoid light guide arrays and single‐ended readout using convolutional neural networks

Advances in Preclinical PET Instrumentation

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