“…At present, the main host materials of Se 1- x S x are carbonaceous materials ( Sun et al, 2021 ), such as hollow carbon spheres ( Xu et al, 2015 ; Hu et al, 2020 ), mesoporous carbon ( Han et al, 2019 ), carbon nanotubes ( Fan et al, 2018 ; Guan et al, 2019 ; Shen et al, 2020 ), carbon fiber ( Chen et al, 2014 ; Zhang et al, 2017 ), graphene ( Tang et al, 2016 ; Chen et al, 2019 ) and carbonized polyacrylonitrile ( Li et al, 2018 ). Generally, expect serving as hosts for Se 1- x S x , these carbonaceous materials play another dual role of establishing conductive frameworks to facilitate ions/electrons transport and inhibiting the shuttle effect ( Hu et al, 2020 ). Nevertheless, the physical adsorption ability of nonpolar pristine carbon materials to polar intermediates is too weak to effectively prevent the dissolution and diffusion of intermediate ( Sun et al, 2016 ; Nazarian-Samani et al, 2021 ).…”