Population inflation and life development are leading to increased world energy needs. In addition, fossil fuel resources are depleting dramatically, including oil, natural gas, and coal. The global carbon dioxide concentration is rising with the increase in energy usage. Thus, researchers seek to find alternative energy resources to overcome global warming issues and cover the gap in energy demands. Hydrogen is one of the main inexhaustible constituents in the universe, making it a potential fuel for the future. It has a friendly environmental impact during its combustion and that makes it a green fuel. Although hydrogen is not independently available in the universe to deploy, it can only be generated by applying various methods and technologies from water. Electrolysis technology is a commonly favorable technique used for splitting water to produce hydrogen. Combining sunlight with the conventional electrolysis method can improve this process environmentally. [1][2][3] This technology is called photoelectrochemical (PEC), whereby, the photoelectrode utilizes photonic energy to split water in this technique. Semiconductors can convert the solar light energy to the electrical potential that can be used for dissociating water molecules in the PEC technology. [4] The needed hypothetical potential to dissociate water bonds into hydrogen and oxygen gases is 1.23 V. [5] The photoelectrode presents the major component in the PEC technology by generating an electric potential to contribute to the total potential required for the water dissociation. However, this technology still needs further development to be cost effective and efficient.Many types of photoelectrodes have been investigated and developed for improving the PEC process, such as type p, type n, and type n-p. [6] Furthermore, various semiconductors have been studied to improve the process of photoelectrolysis, including SiC, TiO 2 , Cu 2 O, WO 3 , ZnO, SnO 2 , CdS, MoS 2 , and BiVO 4 , liable on the application and conditions of the hydrogen production process. [7][8][9][10][11][12] Also, some perovskite oxides have been utilized to show the enhanced performance, high active, and durable catalysts for watersplitting such as NdBaMn 2 O 5.5 . [13] In addition, nonprecious catalysts have been studied and reviewed for the alkaline water electrolysis process. [14] Researchers have investigated and developed cuprous oxide (Cu 2 O) in many studies as one of the desirable catalysts for coating the photocathode of the PEC applications. [15,16] In addition, titanium-dioxide semiconductor (TiO 2 ) is considered the most favorable material that can be used to coat the anode due to its behavior to resist corrosion. [17,18] The electrodeposition method is considered a cheap technology utilized to prepare the cuprous oxide photocatalyst and coat the stainless-steel mesh dome cathode. [19] The electrodeposition conditions of the Cu 2 O photocatalysts have significant impacts on the crystal size, surface morphology, and photocatalysis properties. [20] The electrodeposition...
