Design and experimental investigation of a new photoelectrochemical reactor for green hydrogen production

A Review of the Recent Advances in Composite Membranes for Hydrogen Generation Technologies

“…Due to the very close radii differences of these ions (2.82 Å for H 3 O + and 3.00 Å for OH – , respectively), the ionic separation by using porous membranes is still a challenge . Perfluorinated polymers such as Nafion are used as proton-conducting polymer electrolyte membranes . However, the high production price and requirement of toxic chemicals in the preparation process is an economical drawback as well as proton conductivity issues at higher temperatures.…”

“… 151 Perfluorinated polymers such as Nafion are used as proton-conducting polymer electrolyte membranes. 152 However, the high production price and requirement of toxic chemicals in the preparation process is an economical drawback as well as proton conductivity issues at higher temperatures. Therefore, developing composite membranes can improve these drawbacks.…”

(Photo)electrochemical approaches for renewable energy storage into high-added value chemicals

“…Introduction hydrogen was evolved on a Pt wire at the cathode. [79][80] Although photoelectrocatalysis is a promising method to achieve solar-to-chemical conversion, there are important kinetic bottlenecks, especially in the case of water oxidation due to its high thermodynamic requirement, number of electrons to be transferred and kinetic limitations. 81 Breaking the strong O-H bonds during water oxidation requires a significant amount of energy.…”