Dual catalytic functions of biomimetic, atomically dispersed iron-nitrogen doped carbon catalysts for efficient enzymatic biofuel cells

Recent Advances in the Direct Electron Transfer-Enabled Enzymatic Fuel Cells

“…For example, carbon nanotubes functionalized with naphthalene, an aromatic group toward which laccase exhibited affinity due to its hydrophobic pocket, were efficient electrode materials in not only ensuring electrical wiring between enzyme cofactor and the electrode surface but also increasing the amount of enzymes in favorable orientation for DET (Karaśkiewicz et al, 2012 ). Biofuel cell assembled with this electrode exhibited power density of 131 μW/cm 2 , 80% of which were retained after 24 h. Iron- and nitrogen-codoped carbon nanotubes were used by Ji et al to enhance the overall catalytic activity of GOx-based bioanode by catalyzing oxidation reaction of hydrogen peroxide, a byproduct of glucose oxidation commonly known to inhibit enzyme activity (Ji et al, 2020 ). They also demonstrated their enzymatic fuel cell based on this electrode with power density of 63 μW/cm 2 , and ~80% of the bioanodic current density of 347.1 μA/cm 2 was retained after 4 weeks.…”

Mini-Review: Recent Technologies of Electrode and System in the Enzymatic Biofuel Cell (EBFC)

“…In addition valent bonds formed through the amino group, crosslinking agents are also p through carboxyl (-COOH) groups [42]. Ji et al [43] produced polyethyleneimine ( which the redox polymer is used to entrap and bind GOx enzyme with F-N/CNT a thus making physical interaction through electrostatic attraction. PEI offers advant increasing electron transfer because it has a lower glass transition that mobilizes b the polymer structures and has high stability, sensitivity [42], and conductivity addition, US et al [18] minimized enzyme leaching by producing laser-induced gr with CNTs in microfluidic EBFCs.…”

“…The current produced depends on the concentration of enzyme and glucose and the polymer loading on the electrode surface. The use of MET was detected to have problems such as toxicity of the mediator, leakage, producing a low open-circuit voltage (OCV), mediator mobilization [1], being expensive, and instability of the metal ion-based redox [43], even though using MET can produce higher EBFC power than DET [15]. The production of mediators for the interaction between the enzyme and the electrode surface needs to consider the same structure between the mediator and the co-factor and add a polymerizable vinyl group to the mediator if using a mediator-containing polymeric network [54].…”

“…The current produced depends on the concentration of enzyme and glucose and the polymer loading on the electrode surface. The use of MET was detected to have problems such as toxicity of the mediator, leakage, producing a low open-circuit voltage (OCV), mediator mobilization [1], being expensive, and instability of the metal ion-based redox [43], even though using MET The DET is when electrons are transferred directly from enzymes to conductive supports on electrodes [46]. The electrode is the direct redox acceptor.…”

Soft Materials for Wearable/Flexible Electrochemical Energy Conversion, Storage, and Biosensor Devices

“…This is the most variable component to be studied because a large variety of fillers has been used so far. Especially for EFCs, the conductive nanofillers for inks are represented by carbon nanomaterials, e.g., graphene, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanosheets, carbon nanowires/fibers, etc., [213][214][215] or conductive functionalized polymers, e.g., poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT: PSS), polyethyleneimine (PEI), polypyrrole (PPy), and polyindole [198,[216][217][218]. The first ones have very high conductivity, mechanical resistance, and highcost, while the latter have low cost, softness, flexibility, easy manipulation, and good conductivity.…”