Dual and Triple Intercropping: Potential Benefits for Annual Green Manure Production

Miyazawa, Kae; Takeda, Mitsuyoshi; Murakami, Toshifumi; Murayama, Tohru

doi:10.1626/pps.17.194

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…A tremendous increase in the world population within decades is a serious threat to agricultural sustainability that will lead to a reduction in cultivable land for food production (Tscharntke et al, 2012). Intercropping contributes significantly to the development of sustainable agriculture and the enhancement of food production (Miyazawa et al, 2014). The most beneficial legume and cereal intercropping system is soybean‐based maize–soybean intercropping due to its high yields, effective use of resources and minimum prevalence of weeds, diseases and attack from insect pests than in individual cropping systems (Yang et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal NH₄⁺/NO₃⁻ ratios enhance the shade tolerance of soybean seedlings under low light conditions

et al. 2021

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In the maize–soybean intercropping system, shade is the major chronic restraint that affects normal growth of soybean. Different spatial patterns of this system affect the microclimate of soybean through shading from maize plants. However, the negative impacts of shading stress can be mitigated by providing optimal ratios of different fertilizers. Therefore, to test this hypothesis, soybean plants were grown under different light conditions (normal light or shade) to evaluate the response to varying NH4+/NO3− ratios. Seeds of soybean (Glycine max L. cv. Nan‐99‐6) were grown in nutrient solution with a total concentration of 5 mM N using different NH4+/NO3− ratios (T0 = 0:0, T1 = 0:100, T2 = 25:75, T3 = 50:50 and T4 = 75:25) for 40 days in a greenhouse at PPFD 320.95 μmol m−2 s−1 (low light) or 967.53 μmol m−2 s−1 (normal light). Under low light, growth and photosynthesis of soybean seedlings significantly decreased as compared to normal light conditions. However, the optimal ratios of NH4+/ NO3− improved growth and photosynthesis of soybean seedlings under both light conditions. Our results indicated that soybean seedlings supplied with optimal NH4+/NO3− ratios (25:75 and 50:50) have maximum biomass yield, chlorophyll pigments, leaf gas exchange, photochemical activity and root growth as compared to low and high NH4+/NO3− ratios (T1 and T4). High ratios of NH4+/NO3− (T4) resulted in reduced plant growth due to nutrient accumulation in plant tissues; therefore, we suggest that optimal ratios of NH4+/NO3− (T2 and T3) can enhance the shade tolerance of soybean seedlings.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal NH₄⁺/NO₃⁻ ratios enhance the shade tolerance of soybean seedlings under low light conditions

et al. 2021

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“…Nevertheless, the results of the studies investigating this diversity-stability relationship are contrasted. Several studies revealed no clear advantage of increasing the number of species in terms of yield stability in mixtures of few species (up to 7 species) (Sanderson, 2010;Miyazawa et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of species identity and diversity on biomass production and its stability in cover crop mixtures

Wendling

Charles

Herrera

et al. 2019

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

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Thanks to positive interactions between species, growing mixtures of cover crops allows improving the ecosystem services provided by cover crop cultivation. In this study, the influence of species diversity but also of species identity and mixture composition on cover crop biomass production and its stability in diverse growing conditions was studied. Several field experiments (varying soil type, preceding crop, soil tillage, sowing density, nitrogen fertilization and spatial replication) were set up in Switzerland during the period 2013−2016. In these experiments, the performance of cover crop species grown as sole crops was compared to that of multispecific mixtures. Part of these experiments followed a simplex design in which four cover crop species were combined together with different proportions, producing a total of 25 mixtures of varied diversity. The other experiments compared sole crop and mixture biomass production in standard randomised block or split plot experiments. Globally, mixtures tended to produce slightly more biomass than the sole crops, with an average between 2 t/ ha and 3.2 t/ha for sole crops and of about 3.5 t/ha for mixtures. Overyielding as well as transgressive overyielding were observed, in 81% and 37% of the cases on average, respectively. However no effect of the level of species diversity within mixtures could be found. Biomass production of cover crops was highly influenced by their growing conditions and by the identity of the species involved, especially for sole crops and bispecific mixtures. The analyses of the simplex experiments allowed to show that species interactions played an important role in biomass production in 7 out of 15 growing conditions, even for a short growing period of about three months. Most of the cover crop mixtures with the highest biomass production had a rather low diversity, i.e. about two species on average, but the identity of the species involved in these mixtures depended on the growing conditions. Our results do not show a strong diversity effect on the biomass production of cover crop mixtures cultivated for a short growing period, but a stronger effect of species identity and of the growing conditions. Mixtures with low diversity generally outcompete more diverse mixtures, but more diverse mixtures offer an insurance effect given the unpredictability of growing conditions during cover crop cultivation. performance due to positive interactions between species. This improved performance of mixtures, called diversity effect, can lead to higher biomass production (Cardinale et al., 2011). It is referred to as 'overyielding' when the mixture produces more than the average of sole crops (Schmid et al., 2008), and 'transgressive overyielding' when the mixture produces more than the best sole crop (Gravel et al. 2012). Overyielding and transgressive over [Gravel et al., 2012] yielding have been shown in grasslands (

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“…Sistem tanam tumpangsari memiliki beberapa keunggulan dibandingkan dengan monokultur (Lithourgidis et al 2011). Tumpangsari berperan penting dalam keberlanjutan pembangunan pertanian dan produksi pangan di seluruh dunia (Rodríguez-Navarro et al 2010;Miyazawa et al 2014), dan merupakan salah satu upaya intensifikasi pertanian untuk meningkatkan produksi pertanian pada kondisi ketersediaan lahan yang terbatas (Phala et al 2011). Tumpangsari juga dapat meningkatkan produksi per satuan luas melalui penggunaan sumber daya yang efektif, termasuk air, unsur hara, dan energi matahari (Nasri et al 2014), memberikan keuntungan yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan monokultur dalam hal hasil dan efisiensi penggunaan lahan (Mao et al 2012).…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Keunggulan Kompetitif Agronomis dan Ekonomis Lima Belas Genotipe Kedelai pada Tumpangsari dengan Jagung

Sundari¹,

Mutmaidah²

2019

bulpa

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<p>Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat keunggulan kompetitif agronomis dan ekonomis 15 genotipe kedelai pada tumpangsari jagung dengan kedelai. Penelitian dilaksanakan di KP Kendalpayak Malang pada Maret-Juli 2018, menggunakan 12 galur harapan kedelai dan tiga varietas pembanding, yaitu Dena 1 dan Dena 2 (toleran naungan) serta Grobogan (ukuran biji besar dan umur genjah). Perlakuan disusun berdasarkan rancangan petak terbagi, empat ulangan. Petak utama adalah pola tanam (monokultur dan tumpangsari jagung dengan kedelai), sedangkan anak petak adalah 15 genotipe kedelai. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tumpangsari menurunkan hasil kedelai dan jagung masing-masing 61,53% dan 31,05% dibandingkan monokultur. Pada pola tanam tumpangsari, hasil jagung tertinggi dicapai pada tumpangsari jagung dengan genotipe Grob/Pander-395-2, dan hasil kedelai tertinggi dicapai pada tumpangsari jagung dengan genotipe Grob/IT-7-2. Genotipe kedelai berpengaruh nyata terhadap nilai koefisien kepadatan relatif (K), nilai agresivitas (A), nisbah kesetaraan lahan (NKL), nisbah kompetitif (NK), dan kehilangan hasil aktual (KHA) pada tumpangsari jagung dengan kedelai. Genotipe Grob/IT-7-2 merupakan kompetitor terkuat, dan memiliki dominasi terbesar bagi tanaman jagung dalam tumpangsari jagung dengan kedelai. Namun, berdasarkan nisbah R/C, indeks keuntungan finansial (IKF), nisbah kesetaraan pendapatan (NKP), dan nisbah kesetaraan lahan (NKL), keuntungan terbesar dicapai pada tumpangsari jagung dengan kedelai genotipe Grob/IT-7-7.<br /><br /></p>

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Dual and Triple Intercropping: Potential Benefits for Annual Green Manure Production

Cited by 14 publications

References 33 publications

Optimal NH₄⁺/NO₃⁻ ratios enhance the shade tolerance of soybean seedlings under low light conditions

Optimal NH₄⁺/NO₃⁻ ratios enhance the shade tolerance of soybean seedlings under low light conditions

Effect of species identity and diversity on biomass production and its stability in cover crop mixtures

Keunggulan Kompetitif Agronomis dan Ekonomis Lima Belas Genotipe Kedelai pada Tumpangsari dengan Jagung

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Dual and Triple Intercropping: Potential Benefits for Annual Green Manure Production

Cited by 14 publications

References 33 publications

Optimal NH4+/NO3− ratios enhance the shade tolerance of soybean seedlings under low light conditions

Optimal NH4+/NO3− ratios enhance the shade tolerance of soybean seedlings under low light conditions

Effect of species identity and diversity on biomass production and its stability in cover crop mixtures

Keunggulan Kompetitif Agronomis dan Ekonomis Lima Belas Genotipe Kedelai pada Tumpangsari dengan Jagung

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Optimal NH₄⁺/NO₃⁻ ratios enhance the shade tolerance of soybean seedlings under low light conditions

Optimal NH₄⁺/NO₃⁻ ratios enhance the shade tolerance of soybean seedlings under low light conditions