Dryinidae of the Oriental region (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea)

Abstract

An updated revision of Oriental Dryinidae is presented. Seven subfamilies, 20 genera and 368 species are treated. Eight new species are described: Aphelopus zonalis Xu, Olmi & He, sp. nov. (China, Hainan); Anteon zoilum Xu, Olmi & He, sp. nov. (China, Yunnan), Anteon zonarium Xu, Olmi & He, sp. nov. (China, Yunnan), Anteon zopyrum Xu, Olmi & He, sp. nov. (China, Xizang), Anteon zoroastrum Xu, Olmi & He, sp. nov. (Malaysia, Malaya), Esagonatopus sinensis Xu, Olmi & He, sp. nov. (China, Yunnan), Gonatopus yunnanensis Xu, Olmi & He, sp. nov. (China, Yunnan); Ponomarenkoa ellenbergeri Olmi, Xu & He, sp. nov. (Myanmar amber). Descriptions, geographic distribution, known hosts, natural en-emies and type material of each species are presented, together with illustrations of the main morphological characters and keys to the subfamilies, genera and species. Complete lists of references concerning the Oriental Dryinidae and their hosts are given. New synonymies are proposed for Aphelopus albiclypeus Xu, He & Olmi, 1999 (=A. exnotaulices He & Xu, 2002, syn. nov.), A. orientalis Olmi, 1984 (=A. albopictoides Xu & He, 1999, syn. nov.), A. taiwanensis Olmi, 1991 (=A. compresssus Xu & Yao, 1997, syn. nov.), A. niger Xu & He, 1999 (=A. nigricornis Xu, He & Olmi, 1999, syn. nov.), A. penanganus Olmi, 1984 (=A.olmii He & Xu, 2002, syn. nov.), Anteon cacumen Xu & He, 1997 (=A. longwangshanense Xu & He, 1997, syn. nov.), A. hilare Olmi, 1984 (=A. corax Olmi, 1984, syn. nov., =A. javanum Olmi, 1984, syn. nov., =A. serratum Xu & He, 1999, syn. nov.), A. lankanum Olmi, 1984 (=A. planum Xu & He, 1999, syn. nov.), A. munitum Olmi, 1984 (=A. bauense Olmi, 1984, syn. nov.), A. parapriscum Olmi, 1991 (=A. alpinum He & Xu, 2002, syn. nov.), A. peterseni Olmi, 1984 (=A. scrupulosum He & Xu, 2002, syn. nov.), A. yuani Xu, He & Olmi, 1998 (=A. yuae He & Xu, 2002, syn. nov.), Lonchodryinus bimaculatus Xu & He, 1994 (=L. niger He & Xu, 2002, syn. nov.), L. ruficornis (Dalman, 1818) (=L. melaphelus Xu & He, 1994, syn. nov.), Dryinus indicus (Kieffer, 1914) (=Chlorodryinus koreanus Móczár, 1983, syn. nov., =Dryinus masneri Olmi, 2009, syn. nov.), D. stantoni Ashmead, 1904 (=D. undatomarginis Xu & He, 1998, syn. nov., =D. wuyishanensis He & Xu, 2002, syn. nov.), Adryinus jini Xu & Yang, 1995 (=A. platycornis Xu & He, 1995, syn. nov.), Gonatopus nigricans (R. Perkins, 1905 (=G. fulgori Nakagawa, 1906, syn. nov., =G. insulanus He & Xu, 1998, syn. nov., Pseudogonatopus sogatea Rohwer, 1920, syn. nov.; P. pusanus Olmi, 1984, syn. nov.), G. nudus (R. Perkins, 1912) (=G. yangi He & Xu, 1998, syn. nov.), G. pedestris Dalman, 1818 (=Epigonatopus sakaii Esaki & Hashimoto, 1933, syn. nov.), G. rufoniger Olmi, 1993 (=Neodryinus hishimonovorus Xu & He, 1997, syn. nov.), G. schen-klingi Strand, 1913 (=G. euscelidivorus Xu & He, 1999, syn. nov.). New combinations are proposed for Deinodryinus con-strictus (Olmi, 1998), comb. nov. (from Anteon), Dryinus asiaticus (Olmi, 1984), comb. nov. (from Alphadryinus), D. barbarus (Olmi, 1984), comb. nov. (from Mesodryinus),...

Phylogenetic relationships among the subfamilies of Dryinidae (Hymenoptera, Chrysidoidea) as reconstructed by molecular sequencing

“…To establish the monophyly of Dryininae, and retain Gonatopodinae as a separate subfamily, I resurrect Thaumatodryininae, containing the genus Thaumatodryinus. The defining synapomorphy of Thaumatodryininae is the presence of long hairs on flagellomeres 3 -8 in females (Xu et al 2013). …”

“…Trichogonatopus Kieffer, 1909 was also synonymized with Gonatopus upon the discovery of male specimens in Virla et al (2010). Olmi (1993), Xu et al (2013), and Olmi and Virla (2014), provided morphological keys to describe four species groups within Dryinus and 12 in Gonatopus. Olmi (1993) also synonymized Thaumatodryininae Perkins, 1905 as a genus within Dryininae, Thaumatodryinus Perkins, 1905, along with moving a Gonatopodinae genus, Pseudodryinus, Olmi 1989, to Dryininae on the basis of mandibular character similarity in males.…”

“…Currently, males of both Pseudodryinus and Thaumatodryinus are distinguishable from the other genera in Dryininae by having quadridentate mandibles, with Thaumatodryinus males presenting mandibular teeth that usually progress larger from anterior to posterior, whereas in Pseudodryinus, the four teeth of the mandible are irregularly sized. Females of Thaumatodryinus are easily distinguished from other Dryininae by the presence of long hairs on flagellomeres 3 -8 (Mita 2009, Xu et al 2013.…”

A review of the genus Anteon Jurine, 1807 (Hymenoptera: Dryinidae) from South Korea, with description of a new species

“…Distribution. Brunei, China (Guizhou, Zhejiang), India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand (Xu et al 2013).…”

Description of Gonatopus rileyi sp. nov. from Arkansas (Hymenoptera: Dryinidae)

“…The genus was revised at first at world level by Olmi (1984Olmi ( , 1991 and more recently by Xu et al (2013) for the Oriental region, Olmi & Virla (2014) for the Neotropics, and Olmi & Xu (2015) for the Eastern Palaearctic region. One hundred and twenty-three species of Gonatopus are known from the Neotropical region (Olmi & Virla 2014).…”