Drying Kinetics of Oil Palm Frond Particles in an Agitated Fluidized Bed Dryer

Puspasari, Ifa; Talib, Meor Zainal Meor; Daud, Wan Ramli Wan; Tasirin, Siti Masrinda

doi:10.1080/07373937.2012.654873

Cited by 32 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Palm oil is an edible vegetable oil derived from the oil palm tree (Elaeis guianeensis). Unfortunately, the increase in palm oil production has brought an increase in the amount of waste, including empty fruit bunch (EFB), shells, and fibers [3]. Only about 10% of the whole palm tree is used for palm oil production, and the rest is not being used in any significant way [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of energy-efficient empty fruit bunch drying with gasification/combined cycle systems

et al. 2015

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of energy-efficient empty fruit bunch drying with gasification/combined cycle systems

et al. 2015

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“…These properties can enable the research and the industry community to understand the mechanism of OPT drying and physical properties of dried OPT material, especially if it is used as a building material. Convective and nonconvective drying had been utilized to describe the drying behavior of various types of agricultural products such as mushroom, pistachio, pollen , red beet particles , oil palm frond particle , okra, red pepper, apricots, purslane, and eggplant . Currently, there is no data available for convective isothermal drying of OPT biomass.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isothermal drying kinetics of oil palm trunk: Energy and shrinkage evaluation

Nadhari

Hashim

Danish

et al. 2017

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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Oil palm trunk (OPT) is one of the alternative resources for building materials. This research investigated the drying characteristics of OPT blocks of dimension 43.91 mm × 19.73 mm × 15.82 mm by controlling the relative humidity under an isothermal condition. The isothermal temperature condition selected for this study were 25, 30, 35, and 40°C. The obtained drying data were applied to Logarithmic, Wang‐Singh, Page, Midilli‐Kucuk, Henderson‐Pabis, Newton, and Nadhari models. The drying kinetics were evaluated through these models. The suitability of these models was assessed based on the sum of square error, the coefficient of determination (R2), the reduced chi‐square (χ2), and root mean square error. The Nadhari model was found to be a suitable model for explaining the drying behavior of OPT at various isothermal temperature conditions. The effective diffusivity, drying rate, porosity, and shrinkage were found to be increasing with the increasing of isothermal drying temperature. The activation energy of OPT during drying was found to be 35.56 kJ/mol. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 36: 1244–1252, 2017

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“…Several conventional drying methods are currently being applied, including sun-and oven-drying [11]. However, these methods consume much energy and may expose the dried waste to a dirty and dusty environment [12].The most famous practical method for drying solid particles is the use of a fluidized bed dryer (FBD), which offers several advantages over other dryers (i.e., spray and cabinet dryers), including the high mass and heat transfer between the gas and solid phases, good mixing of solids, lower capital costs, and ease of operation and maintenance [8,13].Drying via computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation is more beneficial than conducting experiments, given the lack of information regarding the requirements for achieving an optimum operation condition in the drying process. Many factors and parameters can affect the operation conditions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most famous practical method for drying solid particles is the use of a fluidized bed dryer (FBD), which offers several advantages over other dryers (i.e., spray and cabinet dryers), including the high mass and heat transfer between the gas and solid phases, good mixing of solids, lower capital costs, and ease of operation and maintenance [8,13].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of a Fluidized Bed Dryer for the Drying of Sago Waste

et al. 2018

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The large amount of sago waste produced by sago processing industries can cause serious environmental problems. When dried, these residues usually have a high starch content (around 58%) and have many potential applications. In this study, the drying of sago waste using a fluidized bed dryer (FBD), which offers more advantages than other drying methods, is analyzed via computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling. A two-dimensional (2D) FBD model is also developed and a mesh independency test is conducted immediately afterwards. A fine mesh is selected for the CFD model and a simulation is conducted using ANSYS Fluent 17.1 software (Ansys Inc., version 17.1, Canonsburg, PA, USA). The governing and discretized algebraic equations are solved by applying the phase-coupled semi-implicit method for pressure-linked equations. Both the Eulerian-Eulerian multiphase model approach and the turbulence model are applied in the simulation due to the turbulent flow in the dryer. A velocity of 1.30 m/s and temperature of 50 • C are selected as boundary conditions based on the optimum parameter values from previous experiments. The final moisture content that we aim to achieve is 10% or a moisture ratio of 0.25 in sago waste for the purpose of animal feed, so as to prevent bacterial growth and for packaging purposes based on common industrial practice. Both the drying rate and fluidization profile are examined at air velocities of 0.6, 1.0, 1.3, 1.8, and 2.2 m/s. Based on the results, the velocity range of 1.0 m/s to 2.2 m/s is deemed suitable for the fluidization and drying of sago waste with a particle size of 2000 µm for a drying simulation of 1 h. The drying rate is further examined at air temperatures of 50 • C, 60 • C, 70 • C, and 80 • C, whereas the fluidization profile is examined at particle sizes of 200, 500, 1000, and 2000 µm. The results reveal excellent fluidization at a particle size range of 500 µm to 2000 µm and a velocity of 1.3 m/s. Energies 2018, 11, 2383 2 of 13 9.2% hemicellulose, and 4% lignin [3] and have many potential functions, such as in the manufacturing of textile printing materials [4]. Several studies have investigated other usages of sago waste, including their adsorption of lead and copper [5] as well as their use in the production of bioethanol [6].Sago waste is usually mixed with wastewater and either discharged into streams or deposited in factory compounds. Each tone of extracted sago starch produces and dumps approximately one tone of sago waste into the nearby rivers. Data from the Malaysian Department of Statistics reveal that the country produced approximately 52,000 tons of sago starch in 2011. Nearly the same amount of sago waste was dumped in nearby rivers [7], thereby causing serious environmental problems such as water pollution. The high demand for biological oxygen (approximately 5820 mg/L) and chemical oxygen (approximately 10,220 mg/L) [1] in wastewater affects the marine life and water quality via microbiological degradation and by consuming the dissolved oxygen in the water. Som...

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Drying Kinetics of Oil Palm Frond Particles in an Agitated Fluidized Bed Dryer

Cited by 32 publications

References 31 publications

Integration of energy-efficient empty fruit bunch drying with gasification/combined cycle systems

Integration of energy-efficient empty fruit bunch drying with gasification/combined cycle systems

Isothermal drying kinetics of oil palm trunk: Energy and shrinkage evaluation

Simulation of a Fluidized Bed Dryer for the Drying of Sago Waste

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