Dry Eye and Quantitative and Qualitative Changes of Meibomian Glands in Patients With Pemphigus

Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate dry eye and quantitative and qualitative changes of meibomian glands with meibography in patients with pemphigus. Methods: Twenty left eyes of 20 patients with pemphigus (group 1) and 20 left eyes of 20 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers (group 2) were enrolled. Dry eye was evaluated with Oxford scale scoring, tear film breakup time, Schirmer 1 tests, and Ocular Surface Disease Index score assessments. Morphological changes and dropout ratio of meibomian glands were evaluated by upper and lower eyelid meibography (SL-D701; Topcon, IJssel, The Netherlands). Meibomian gland dropout ratio was scored for each eyelid from grade 0 (no loss) through grade 3 (lost area >2/3 of the total meibomian gland area). Results: The mean ages of group 1 and group 2 were 51.8 ± 11.1 (range: 32–73) and 50.4 ± 9.6 years (range: 32–70), respectively (P = 0.672). Schirmer 1 and tear film breakup time values were lower and Oxford and Ocular Surface Disease Index scores were higher in group 1 when compared with group 2, and the differences were statistically significant (P = 0.01, P < 0.001, P = 0.001, and P < 0.001, respectively). Upper eyelid, lower eyelid, and total eyelid meiboscore values were significantly higher in group 1 (P = 0.005, P = 0.018, and P = 0.002, respectively). Morphological changes in meibomian glands were detected in 16 eyes (80%) among group 1. Conclusions: Between patients with pemphigus and those who were healthy, there were significant differences in the results of dry eye tests and meibomian gland morphology. Patients with pemphigus should be monitored for dry eye and meibomian gland dysfunction and be promptly treated to prevent the serious consequences of dry eye.

Orthokeratology Lens Wear for 2 Years in Children Did Not Alter Tear Film Lipid Thickness by Non-Invasive Interferometry

“…The meibomian gland plays a vital role in maintaining the stability of tear film, and an increased meiboscore is generally considered as the important risk factor for DED and contact lens-related discomfort ( 37 , 38 ). Previous studies have examined the influence of OOK wearing on the morphology of the meibomian gland based on non-contact infrared meibography or Keratograph 5M and found that there is no significant difference in the meiboscore before and after wearing lenses ( 12 , 39 ).…”

Dry eye and Meibomian gland dysfunction evaluation in sarcoidosis patients

“…There are previous studies that mention the link between inflammatory dermatological diseases like vitiligo, 31 pemphigus, 32 dry eye, and Meibomian gland dysfunction. Other non-invasive imaging tools and procedures have been used in ocular sarcoidosis such as conjunctiva's in vivo confocal microscopy for identifying multinucleated giant cells in patients.…”

Eye Tear Activated Mg-Air Battery Driven By Natural Eye Blinking For Smart Contact Lenses

“…The natural eye-blinking motion recurrently irrigates the surface of the eye using eye-tear uid and lubricant oil (produced by the Meibomian glands [24][25][26] ) thus refreshing the uid in contact with the electrodes. As a result of the eyelid motion, the electrodes essentially remain under one of three conditions: (a) fully covered by the eye-tear uid (completely shut eyelid), (b) partially covered by the eyetear (during the cycle of an eye-blink) or (c) not in contact with the eye-tear (when the eyelid is completely open).…”