Dry electrode sizes in recording ECG and heart rate in wearable applications

Joutsen, Atte; Kaappa, Emma S.; Karinsalo, Tapio; Vanhala, Jukka

doi:10.1007/978-981-10-5122-7_184

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The effect of the size of electrodes on signal quality has been studied by several works [ 81 , 82 , 83 ]. The skin–electrode impedance decreases as the electrode size increases due to an increase in the contact area [ 71 , 83 ], which minimizes the baseline effect while collecting ECG signals [ 81 , 83 ].…”

Section: Textile-based Ecg Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The skin–electrode impedance decreases as the electrode size increases due to an increase in the contact area [ 71 , 83 ], which minimizes the baseline effect while collecting ECG signals [ 81 , 83 ]. Joutsen et al [ 82 ] studied four different sizes of stainless-steel conductive textile electrodes (with 40, 20, 10, and 5 mm diameters) embedded in a textile elastic strap to hold the electrode in place for ECG and heart rate monitoring. It was shown that 40 and 20 mm diameter stainless steel electrodes gave better results and are more suitable for textile integrated ECG and heart rate monitoring, indicating that a larger size electrode improves the signal.…”

Section: Textile-based Ecg Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Wearable Smart Textiles for Long-Term Electrocardiography Monitoring—A Review

Nigusse

Mengistie

Malengier

et al. 2021

Sensors

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The continuous and long-term measurement and monitoring of physiological signals such as electrocardiography (ECG) are very important for the early detection and treatment of heart disorders at an early stage prior to a serious condition occurring. The increasing demand for the continuous monitoring of the ECG signal needs the rapid development of wearable electronic technology. During wearable ECG monitoring, the electrodes are the main components that affect the signal quality and comfort of the user. This review assesses the application of textile electrodes for ECG monitoring from the fundamentals to the latest developments and prospects for their future fate. The fabrication techniques of textile electrodes and their performance in terms of skin–electrode contact impedance, motion artifacts and signal quality are also reviewed and discussed. Textile electrodes can be fabricated by integrating thin metal fiber during the manufacturing stage of textile products or by coating textiles with conductive materials like metal inks, carbon materials, or conductive polymers. The review also discusses how textile electrodes for ECG function via direct skin contact or via a non-contact capacitive coupling. Finally, the current intensive and promising research towards finding textile-based ECG electrodes with better comfort and signal quality in the fields of textile, material, medical and electrical engineering are presented as a perspective.

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Section: Textile-based Ecg Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Textile-based Ecg Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wearable Smart Textiles for Long-Term Electrocardiography Monitoring—A Review

Nigusse

Mengistie

Malengier

et al. 2021

Sensors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, there are still lots of problems to be solved. For high-quality ECG monitoring, researchers did their efforts on the Wearable Biosensors, most of which are dry electrodes that do not require conductive gels ( Dozio et al, 2007 ; Assambo and Burke, 2009 ; Zhang et al, 2015 ; Joutsen et al, 2017 ). Kim et al (2016) proposed a 1D-2D hybrid carbon nanocomposites-based ECG electrode and recorded ECG with three movements, namely wrist curl, squat, and writing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible Non-contact Electrodes for Wearable Biosensors System on Electrocardiogram Monitoring in Motion

et al. 2022

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Electrocardiogram (ECG) is a critical physiological indicator that contains abundant information about human heart activities. However, it is a kind of weak low-frequency signal, which is easy to be interfered by various noises. Therefore, wearable biosensors (WBS) technique is introduced to overcome this challenge. A flexible non-contact electrode is proposed for wearable biosensors (WBS) system, which is made up of flexible printed circuits materials, and can monitor the ECG signals during exercise for a long time. It uses the principle of capacitive coupling to obtain high-quality signals, and reduces the impact of external noise through active shielding; The results showed that the proposed non-contact electrode was equivalent to a medical wet electrode. The correlation coefficient was as high as 99.70 ± 0.30% when the subject was resting, while it was as high as 97.53 ± 1.80% during exercise. High-quality ECG could still be collected at subjects walking at 7 km/h. This study suggested that the proposed flexible non-contact electrode would be a potential tool for wearable biosensors for medical application on long-term monitoring of patients’ health and provide athletes with physiological signal measurements.

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“…In a medical environment, reusable electrodes are usually rigid metal plates of different shapes and sizes [11]. Nowadays, disposable silver/ silver chloride (Ag/AgCl)-gelled electrodes are most commonly used for biosignal measurement; however, these are suitable for short-term monitoring only [12,13]. For longterm monitoring, the gel used, together with the electrode adhesive, can create rash or skin irritation and even bacterial growth [13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nowadays, disposable silver/ silver chloride (Ag/AgCl)-gelled electrodes are most commonly used for biosignal measurement; however, these are suitable for short-term monitoring only [12,13]. For longterm monitoring, the gel used, together with the electrode adhesive, can create rash or skin irritation and even bacterial growth [13,14]. Such Ag/AgCl electrodes have limited storage time (less than 1 year), and can only be used for a few days because they will undergo drying, which in turn generates noises and errors in the measured signal [12,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface modification of textile electrodes to improve electrocardiography signals in wearable smart garment

Soroudi

Hernández

Wipenmyr

et al. 2019

J Mater Sci: Mater Electron

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Recording high quality biosignals by dry textile electrodes is a common challenge in medical health monitoring garments. The aim of this study was to improve skin-electrode interface and enhance the quality of recorded electrocardiography (ECG) signals by modification of textile electrodes embedded in WearItMed smart garment. The garment has been developed for long-term health monitoring in patients suffering from epilepsy and Parkinson's disease. A skin-friendly electro-conductive elastic paste was formulated to coat and modify the surface of the knitted textile electrodes. The modifications improved the surface characteristics of the electrodes by promoting a more effective contact area between skin and electrode owing to a more even surface, fewer pores, greater surface stability against touch, and introduction of humidity barrier properties. The modifications decreased the skin-electrode contact impedance, and consequently improved the recorded ECG signals obviously when low pressure was applied to the electrodes, therefore contributed to greater patient comfort. The created contact surface allowed the natural humidity of the skin/sweat to ease the signal transfer between the electrode and the body, while introducing a shorter settling time and retaining moisture over a longer time. Microscopic images, ECG signal measurements, electrode-skin contact impedance at different pressures and times, and water absorbency were measured and reported.

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Dry electrode sizes in recording ECG and heart rate in wearable applications

Cited by 12 publications

References 5 publications

Wearable Smart Textiles for Long-Term Electrocardiography Monitoring—A Review

Wearable Smart Textiles for Long-Term Electrocardiography Monitoring—A Review

Flexible Non-contact Electrodes for Wearable Biosensors System on Electrocardiogram Monitoring in Motion

Surface modification of textile electrodes to improve electrocardiography signals in wearable smart garment

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