Flexible Non-contact Electrodes for Wearable Biosensors System on Electrocardiogram Monitoring in Motion

Abstract

Electrocardiogram (ECG) is a critical physiological indicator that contains abundant information about human heart activities. However, it is a kind of weak low-frequency signal, which is easy to be interfered by various noises. Therefore, wearable biosensors (WBS) technique is introduced to overcome this challenge. A flexible non-contact electrode is proposed for wearable biosensors (WBS) system, which is made up of flexible printed circuits materials, and can monitor the ECG signals during exercise for a long time. It uses the principle of capacitive coupling to obtain high-quality signals, and reduces the impact of external noise through active shielding; The results showed that the proposed non-contact electrode was equivalent to a medical wet electrode. The correlation coefficient was as high as 99.70 ± 0.30% when the subject was resting, while it was as high as 97.53 ± 1.80% during exercise. High-quality ECG could still be collected at subjects walking at 7 km/h. This study suggested that the proposed flexible non-contact electrode would be a potential tool for wearable biosensors for medical application on long-term monitoring of patients’ health and provide athletes with physiological signal measurements.

Fully Screen-Printed and Gentle-to-Skin Wet ECG Electrodes with Compact Wireless Readout for Cardiac Diagnosis and Remote Monitoring

“…However, the R peaks remained clearly visible, allowing for accurate heart rate measurements. This phenomenon occurs because, with the increase in speed (from rest to walking and running), the muscle movements generate stronger electromyography (EMG) signals compared to the ECG signal, leading to baseline drift. − Other factors contributing to the ECG baseline drift are motion artifacts and breathing during the exercise. − …”

“… 44 − 46 Other factors contributing to the ECG baseline drift are motion artifacts and breathing during the exercise. 44 − 46 …”

Electrochemical Wearable Biosensors and Bioelectronic Devices Based on Hydrogels: Mechanical Properties and Electrochemical Behavior

“…(10) -Carbon nanotube/thermoplastic polyurethane. (11) -Polyacrylamide/chitosan modified graphene oxide/sodium. (12) -Tannic acid-coated cellulose nanocrystals/polyvinyl alcohol/gelatin/ethylene glycol/Al 3+ .…”

“…Wearable biosensors made of various materials are being developed for non-invasive, wireless, and consistent human health monitoring, which can help diagnose diseases in their preliminary stage, potentially reducing the economic burden caused by chronic and acute diseases on humans [ 3 , 4 ]. Some of these applications include cardiovascular disease monitoring [ 5 ], biological signals monitoring, such as glucose [ 6 ], lactate [ 7 ], pH [ 8 ], and body electrolytes [ 9 ], as well as recording various physiological parameters, including heart rate [ 10 ], electrocardiogram signals [ 11 ], body temperature [ 12 ], and blood oxygen levels [ 13 ] in real-time.…”