DRUL for school: Opening Pre-K with safe, simple, sensitive saliva testing for SARS-CoV-2

Frank, Mayu O.; Blachère, Nathalie E.; Parveen, Salina; Hacisuleyman, Ezgi; Fak, John; Luna, Joseph M.; Michailidis, Eleftherios; Wright, Samara; Stark, Pamela M.; Campbell, Ann; Foo, Ashley; Sakmar, Thomas P.; Huffman, Virginia; Bergh, Marissa; Goldfarb, Audrey; Mansisidor, Andrés; Patriotis, Agata L; Palmquist, Karl H.; Poulton, Nicolas; Leicher, Rachel; Vargas, César D. M.; Duba, Irene; Hurley, Arlene; Colagreco, Joseph P.; Pagane, Nicole; Orange, Dana E.; Mora, Kevin; Rakeman, Jennifer L.; Fowler, Randal C.; Fernandes, Helen; Lamendola-Essel, Michelle F.; Didkovsky, Nicholas; Silvera, Leopolda; Masci, Joseph R.; Allen, Machelle; Rice, Charles M.; Darnell, Robert B.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0252949

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…In contrast, saliva sampling is too easy and can be done by the patient providing solid results [ 40 ]. Recently, a study validated a safe and sensitive SARS-CoV-2 detection by RT-qPCR using saliva, which they called DRUL saliva test, with limit of detection similar to nasopharyngeal swab samples in order to implement the method for “back to work/school [ 41 ].…”

Section: Influencing Factors On Sars-cov-2 Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

True or false: what are the factors that influence COVID-19 diagnosis by RT-qPCR?

Lima

Mesquita

Oliveira

et al. 2022

Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics

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Introduction The Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) disease has had a catastrophic impact on the world resulting in several deaths. Since World Health Organization declared the pandemic status of the disease, several molecular diagnostic kits have been developed to help the tracking of viruses spread. Areas Covered This review aims to describe and evaluate the currently reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) diagnosis kit. Several processes used in COVID-19 diagnostic procedures are detailed in further depth to demonstrate optimal practices. Therefore, we debate the main factors that influence the viral detection of SARS-COV-2 and how they can affect the diagnosis of patients. Expert Opinion Here is highlighted and discussed several factors that can interfere in the RT-PCR analysis, such as the viral load of the sample, collection site, collection methodology, sample storage, transport, primer, and probe mismatch/dimerization in different brand kits. This is a pioneer study to discuss the factor that could lead to the wrong interpretation of RT-qPCR diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2. This study aimed to help the readers to understand what very likely is behind a bad result of SARS-CoV-2 detection by RT-PCR and what could be done to reach a reliable diagnosis.

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Section: Influencing Factors On Sars-cov-2 Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

True or false: what are the factors that influence COVID-19 diagnosis by RT-qPCR?

Lima

Mesquita

Oliveira

et al. 2022

Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics

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“…Previous work has shown that nucleic acids are recoverable from biological liquids, including saliva, dried on specialized paper filters and stored at −70°C for up to 14 months and then one week at ambient temperature (8). Saliva is easy to sample and widely used for clinical SARS-CoV-2 real-time quantitative qPCR assays (9)(10)(11).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Coronavirus Calendar (CoronaCal): a simplified SARS-CoV-2 test system for sampling and retrospective analysis

et al. 2023

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ObjectivesTo develop a biological diary (CoronaCal) that allows anyone in the community to collect and store serial saliva samples and chart symptoms on ordinary printer paper.MethodsDiaries were analyzed for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA using established polymerase chain reaction (PCR) procedures. CoronaCal diaries were distributed to volunteer subjects in the community during the peak of the COVID-19 outbreak in New York. Volunteers collected their own daily saliva samples and self-reported symptoms.ResultsSARS-CoV-2 RNA extracted from CoronaCals was measured using qPCR and RNA levels were correlated with reported symptoms. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in CoronaCals from nine of nine people with COVID-19 symptoms or exposure to someone with COVID-19, and not in one asymptomatic person. CoronaCals were stored for up to 70 days at room temperature during collection and then frozen for up to four months before analysis, suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 RNA is stable once dried onto paper.ConclusionsSampling saliva on simple paper provides a useful method to study the natural history and epidemiology of COVID-19. The CoronaCal collection and testing method is easy to implement, inexpensive, non-invasive and scalable. The approach can inform the historical and epidemiological understanding of infections in individuals and populations.

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“…Previous work has shown that nucleic acids, DNA and RNA, are recoverable from biological liquids dried on specialized paper filters and stored in freezers [8]. Saliva is easy to sample and widely used for clinical SARS-CoV-2 real-time quantitative (RT-q) PCR assays [9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Coronavirus Calendar (CoronaCal): a Simplified SARS-CoV-2 Test System for Sampling and Retrospective Analysis

Thaler

Sakmar

Huber

et al. 2022

Preprint

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BackgroundThe testing of saliva samples for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA has become a useful and common method to diagnose coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19). However, there are limited examples of serial testing with correlated clinical metadata, especially in the outpatient setting.MethodWe developed a method to collect serial saliva samples on ordinary white printer paper, which can be subsequently analyzed for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA using established polymerase chain reaction (PCR) procedures. The collection systems consisted of a biological diary (CoronaCal) where subjects dab their saliva onto ovals printed onto paper. The dried samples are covered with a sticker that includes a symptom checklist to create a biological diary. Each sheet of letter paper can accommodate up to 14 serial samples.ResultsIn a pilot study, ten subjects used CoronaCals for durations of nine to 44 days. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was extracted and detected in CoronaCals from nine of nine people with either Covid-19 symptoms or exposure to someone with Covid-19, and in zero of one asymptomatic person. The CoronaCals were stored for up to 70 days at room temperature during collection and then frozen for up to four months before analysis, suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 RNA is stable once dried onto paper. Interestingly, the temporal pattern of symptoms was not well correlated with SARS-CoV-2 RNA in serial daily collections for up to 44 days. In addition, SARS-CoV-2 positivity was discontinuous over time in most cases but persisted for up to 24 days.ConclusionsWe conclude that sampling of saliva on simple paper CoronaCals may provide a useful method to study the natural history and epidemiology of Covid-19. The CoronaCal collection and testing method we developed is also easy to implement, inexpensive, non-invasive, and scalable. More broadly, the approach can be used to archive biological samples for retrospective analysis to deepen epidemiological understanding during viral disease outbreaks and to provide information about the natural history of emerging infections.

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DRUL for school: Opening Pre-K with safe, simple, sensitive saliva testing for SARS-CoV-2

Cited by 5 publications

References 4 publications

True or false: what are the factors that influence COVID-19 diagnosis by RT-qPCR?

True or false: what are the factors that influence COVID-19 diagnosis by RT-qPCR?

The Coronavirus Calendar (CoronaCal): a simplified SARS-CoV-2 test system for sampling and retrospective analysis

The Coronavirus Calendar (CoronaCal): a Simplified SARS-CoV-2 Test System for Sampling and Retrospective Analysis

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