Drugs and doping

Clarke, EG

doi:10.1136/vr.97.20.397

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The seeds, leaves and stems of castor plant are poisonous to people, animals and insects due to the toxic protein known as ricin, a phytotoxin believed to have cytostatic and cytotoxic effects in the cells and exhibits antitrypsin action as in some legumes (Clarke and Clarke, 1975). Castor oil bean also has agglutinating property.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of layers fed toasted, boiled or boiled and soaked castor oil seed meal (R. Communis)

et al. 2013

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SUMMARYA feeding trial was conducted to investigate the response of Isa Brown laying hens to three different methods of processing castor oil seed meals (CSM); toasting, boiling and boiling-andsoaking for using as total substitute for soybean meal. Two hundred, 75-week old laying birds were randomly assigned to four experimental diets in a completely randomized design experiment. The control diet (CD) contained 19.10 % soybean; the proportion of soybean in the CD (T 1 ) was replaced completely with toasted, boiled and boiledand-soaked castor oil seed meal in diets T 2 , T 3 and T 4 respectively. Chemical analysis showed that treatment methods did not have any significant (p>0.05) effect on the dry matter (DM), crude fibre (CF), ether extract (EE), ash, nitrogen free extract (NFE) and gross energy of the meal. However, the crude protein value of the toasted meal (24.55 %) decreased (p<0.05) significantly as compared to the other two treatment methods. Toasted method also retain significantly (p<0.05) higher level of ricin value (0.21 mg/100 g) when compared to boiling (0.09 mg/100 g) and boiling-and-soaking (0.03 mg/100 g). Birds on the control diet, T 3 and T 4 had numerically (p>0.05) similar values of final live weight, weight gain, feed conversion ratio and hen day production that were significantly (p<0.05) favorable than birds on T 2 . Birds on T 2 also had significantly (p<0.05) depressed liver weight (2.11 %) as compared to birds on the control diet (2.87 %). Haemoglobin (Hb) values also showed a significant decrease (p<0.05) in birds on T 2 (2.23 g/dL) than that of birds on the control (10.67 g/dL), T 3 (10.11 g/dL) and T 4 (10.35 g/dL). Birds on T 2 equally had a significantly (p<0.05) decreased RBC (154.33 x103 ) in relation to the control diet (288.02 x103 ).The egg quality parameters were not significantly (p>0.05) affected by the test ingredient apart from promoting lighter egg yolk coloration. The study showed that boiled and boiled-and-soaked CSM can totally replace soybean meal in layers diet without any adverse effect on egg production, external and internal egg qualities, except encouragement of lighter yolk coloration. Boiling-and-soaking however, as a processing method had no special advantage in terms of egg production parameters and egg quality parameters, hence the additional task of soaking after boiling was unnecessary. Boiling of castor oil seed for 40 minutes is therefore preferred among the treatment methods. As an industrial waste, CSM incorporation in layer diets as a feed ingredient especially for large scale operations would results in substantial cost savings. RESUMENUn ensayo de alimentación fue realizado para investigar la respuesta de gallinas ponedoras Isa Brown a tres métodos diferentes de procesamiento de las semillas de ricino (CSM); que son tostado, hervido y hervido humedecido para usarlos como sustitutos totales de la harina de soja. Doscientas gallinas ponedoras de 75 semanas ADDITIONAL KEYWORDS Egg quality. Layers. Processing. Ricin. PALABRAS CLAVE ADICIONALESCalidad ...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of layers fed toasted, boiled or boiled and soaked castor oil seed meal (R. Communis)

et al. 2013

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“… 61 ], for instance from Cu and Pb smelters [ 62 ]. When As exposure builds up slowly, animals may get used to it and ruminants may even develop a taste for it [ 63 ]. As appears to be most toxic in inorganic form [ 64 , 65 ], and affects most organs, although kidney is mentioned as the most sensitive organ for As toxicity [ 66 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability of the Ionome of Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) and Red Deer (Cervus elaphus) in a Dutch National Park, with Implications for Biomonitoring

Wenting,

Siepel,

Jansen

2023

Biol Trace Elem Res

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The ionome—an important expression of the physiological state of organisms—is poorly known for mammals. The focus on particular tissues—such as liver, kidney, and bones—in biomonitoring of environmental pollution and potential deficiencies is based on widely held assumptions rather than solid knowledge of full mammalian ionomes. We examined the full ionome of Red deer (Cervus elaphus) and Wild boar (Sus scrofa), two commonly used mammals for biomonitoring, in a Dutch protected nature reserve (Veluwezoom). We used four individuals per species. We dissected 13 tissues and organs from each individuals (eight in total) of each species and measured 22 elemental concentrations in each. We assessed, for each element, how concentrations varied across tissues within and between individuals. Based on existing literature, we put our findings in the context of their function in the mammalian body. We found that the ionome was highly variable between as well as within the two species. For most elements, tissues containing the highest and lowest concentration differed between individuals. No single tissue accurately represented the accumulation of toxic elements or potential deficiencies in the bodies. Our assessment of the element’s biological roles revealed a serious lack of reference values. Our findings imply that analyses of commonly used tissues in biomonitoring do not necessarily capture bioaccumulation of toxins or potential deficiencies. We recommend establishing a centralized database of mammalian ionomes to derive reference values in future. To our knowledge, our study is one of the most complete assessments of mammalian ionomes to date.

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“…(6,7,25,48,49). The oral LD50 for humans of about 60 kg can be extrapolated to be between at least several dozens to several hundreds of grams (25,83). Side-effects of tetracyclines in humans are practically always observed after therapy with doses of about 20 mg/kg body weight or higher, and are often associated with certain charac- 1.00E-02…”

Section: An Assessment Of Human Health Risks Of Residues Of Tetracyclmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…), and for rats it was 4800 mg/kg b.w. (6,7,25,48,49). The oral LD50 for humans of about 60 kg can be extrapolated to be between at least several dozens to several hundreds of grams (25,83).…”

Section: An Assessment Of Human Health Risks Of Residues Of Tetracyclmentioning

confidence: 99%

Veterinary public health: Human health hazards associated with the administration of antimicrobials to slaughter animals

Berends¹,

Bogaard²,

Knapen³

et al. 2001

Veterinary Quarterly

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Drugs and doping

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Performance of layers fed toasted, boiled or boiled and soaked castor oil seed meal (R. Communis)

Performance of layers fed toasted, boiled or boiled and soaked castor oil seed meal (R. Communis)

Variability of the Ionome of Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) and Red Deer (Cervus elaphus) in a Dutch National Park, with Implications for Biomonitoring

Veterinary public health: Human health hazards associated with the administration of antimicrobials to slaughter animals

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