Drug Utilization Evaluation of Medications Used by Hypertensive Patients in Hospitals in Nigeria

Oamen, Theophilus Ehidiamen; Osemene, Kanayo P.

doi:10.1080/00185868.2021.1916416

Cited by 7 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Furthermore, a recent study conducted in southwest Nigeria also had ramipril (ACEI) as the most utilized drug for hypertension. 47 However, diuretic or calcium channel blockers were more favoured in other studies as recommended by the Eight Joint National Committee (JNC 8). 44,45 The guideline states that the initial antihypertensive treatment for the general black population including those with diabetes should comprise of a thiazide-type diuretic or calcium channel blocker.…”

Section: -11mentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of pharmacist-led care on glycaemic control of patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial in Nigeria

David¹,

Soremekun²,

Abah³

et al. 2021

Pharm Pract (Granada)

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Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic, degenerative disease, requiring a multi-dimensional, multi-professional care by healthcare providers and substantial self-care by the patients, to achieve treatment goals. Objective: To evaluate the impact of pharmacist-led care on glycaemic control in patients with uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes Methods: In a parallel group, single-blind randomised controlled study; type 2 diabetic patients, with greater than 7% glycated haemoglobin (A1C) were randomised into intervention and usual care groups and followed for six months. Glycated haemoglobin analyzer, lipid analyzer and blood pressure monitor/apparatus were used to measure patients’ laboratory parameters at baseline and six months. Intervention group patients received pharmacist-structured care, made up of patient education and phone calls, in addition to usual care. In an intention to treat analysis, Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare median change at six months in the primary (A1C) and secondary outcome measures. Effect size was computed and proportion of patients that reached target laboratory parameters were compared in both arms. Results: All enrolled participants (108) completed the study, 54 in each arm. Mean age was 51 (SD 11.75) and majority were females (68.5%). Participants in the intervention group had significant reduction in A1C of -0.75%, compared with an increase of 0.15% in the usual care group (p<0.001; eta-square= 0.144). The proportion of those that achieved target A1C of <7% at 6 months in the intervention and usual care group was 42.6% vs 20.8% (p=0.02). Furthermore, intervention patients were about 3 times more likely to have better glucose control; A1C<7% (aOR 2.72, 95%CI: 1.14-6.46) compared to usual care group, adjusted for sex, age, and duration of diabetes. Conclusions: Pharmacist-led care significantly improved glycaemic control in patients with uncontrolled T2DM.

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Section: -11mentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of pharmacist-led care on glycaemic control of patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial in Nigeria

David¹,

Soremekun²,

Abah³

et al. 2021

Pharm Pract (Granada)

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“…Regarding the economic study design, 21 studies followed a partial economic evaluation (nine cost descriptions [ 33 , 35 – 38 , 44 , 47 , 49 , 56 ], eight cost analyses [ 41 , 45 , 46 , 48 , 50 , 57 , 58 , 64 ] and four cost-outcome descriptions [ 32 , 34 , 43 , 63 ]. The remaining studies followed a full economic evaluation design (seven cost effectiveness analyses [ 39 , 40 , 54 , 59 – 62 ], three cost utility analyses [ 42 , 51 , 52 ] and two cost minimization analysis [ 53 , 55 ]). The following costing approaches were used: Bottom up [ 32 – 39 , 41 , 42 , 44 – 49 , 51 , 54 , 55 , 58 – 60 , 63 ], top down [ 40 , 43 , 50 , 52 , 56 , 57 , 61 , 62 ] and a combination of both [ 53 , 64 ], human capital [ 35 , 38 , 44 ], replacement value [ 38 ] and willingness to pay [ 46 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The remaining studies followed a full economic evaluation design (seven cost effectiveness analyses [ 39 , 40 , 54 , 59 – 62 ], three cost utility analyses [ 42 , 51 , 52 ] and two cost minimization analysis [ 53 , 55 ]). The following costing approaches were used: Bottom up [ 32 – 39 , 41 , 42 , 44 – 49 , 51 , 54 , 55 , 58 – 60 , 63 ], top down [ 40 , 43 , 50 , 52 , 56 , 57 , 61 , 62 ] and a combination of both [ 53 , 64 ], human capital [ 35 , 38 , 44 ], replacement value [ 38 ] and willingness to pay [ 46 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The economic burden of treating uncomplicated hypertension in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic literature review

et al. 2022

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Background and Objectives Hypertension is one of the leading cardiovascular risk factors with high numbers of undiagnosed and untreated patients in Sub Saharan Africa (SSA). The health systems and affected people are often overwhelmed by the social and economic burden that comes with the disease. However, the research on the economic burden and consequences of hypertension treatment remains scare in SSA. The objective of our review was to compare different hypertension treatment costs across the continent and identify major cost drivers. Material and Methods Systematic literature searches were conducted in multiple databases (e.g., PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar) for peer reviewed articles written in English language with a publication date from inception to Jan. 2022. We included studies assessing direct and indirect costs of hypertension therapy in SSA from a provider or user perspective. The search and a quality assessment were independently executed by two researchers. All results were converted to 2021 US Dollar. Results Of 3999 results identified in the initial search, 33 were selected for data extraction. Costs differed between countries, costing perspectives and cost categories. Only 25% of the SSA countries were mentioned in the studies, with Nigeria dominating the research with a share of 27% of the studies. We identified 15 results each from a user or provider perspective. Medication costs were accountable for the most part of the expenditures with a range from 1.70$ to 97.06$ from a patient perspective and 0.09$ to 193.55$ from a provider perspective per patient per month. Major cost drivers were multidrug treatment, inpatient or hospital care and having a comorbidity like diabetes. Conclusion Hypertension poses a significant economic burden for patients and governments in SSA. Interpreting and comparing the results from different countries and studies is difficult as there are different financing methods and cost items are defined in different ways. However, our results identify medication costs as one of the biggest cost contributors. When fighting the economic burden in SSA, reducing medication costs in form of subsidies or special interventions needs to be considered. Trial registration Registration: PROSPERO, ID CRD42020220957.

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“…Furthermore, this is empirically indicative of the tendency to keep with the ideals of pharmaceutical care, [3] which is centered on achieving the best possible outcome for patients in a cost-efficient manner. [7] On the other hand, wholesaling outfits are not designed to interact with patients but provide the supply chain linkage necessary to ensure the availability of medicines to retail pharmacy outlets. This study suggests that both models of business-retail and wholesale carry valuable merits that support operating a hybrid model of business.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a consequence, Community pharmacies are often inundated by medication requests from patients: this raises the bar as far as ensuring the availability of affordable medicines of appropriate quality is concerned. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] Generally, the convenience of the supply process, low cost associated with supply costs, optimum product quality, service quality, and the prospect of business profitability, are key considerations guiding procurement decisions. Albeit generic, there is the need to investigate how these considerations influence buying decisions of the procurement pharmacist, and how some specific demographic factors of respondents influence their decisions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Path Analysis of Determinant Factors Influencing Purchasing Decisions among Community Pharmacists in Nigeria using Structural Equation Modeling

Oamen¹,

Omorenuwa²

2021

AMDHS

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Drug Utilization Evaluation of Medications Used by Hypertensive Patients in Hospitals in Nigeria

Cited by 7 publications

References 24 publications

Impact of pharmacist-led care on glycaemic control of patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial in Nigeria

Impact of pharmacist-led care on glycaemic control of patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial in Nigeria

The economic burden of treating uncomplicated hypertension in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic literature review

Path Analysis of Determinant Factors Influencing Purchasing Decisions among Community Pharmacists in Nigeria using Structural Equation Modeling

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