Drug Use by U.S. Army Enlisted Men in Vietnam: A Follow-Up on Their Return Hom1

Robins, Lee N.; Davis, Darlene H.; Goodwin, Donald W.

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a121608

Cited by 231 publications

(85 citation statements)

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“…5 It is instructive that the 12-step program of Alcoholic Anonymous begins: "We admit we are powerless over alcohol-that our lives have become unmanageable." 4 L. Robins (1974) and Robins et al (1974) found that Vietnam veterans who were addicted to heroin and/or opium at the end of the war experienced much lower relapse rates than other young male addicts during the same period. A plausible explanation is that veterans encountered fewer environmental triggers (familiar circumstances associated with drug use) upon returning to the United States.…”

Section: Patterns Of Addictive Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Addiction and Cue-Triggered Decision Processes

Bernheim

Rangel

2004

American Economic Review

594

458

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Section: Patterns Of Addictive Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Addiction and Cue-Triggered Decision Processes

Bernheim

Rangel

2004

American Economic Review

594

458

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“…Further, the courses taken by individuals who experience addiction seldom reflect the public conception that addiction results in an inexorable escalation of problems. Perhaps the most famous example of this is the study by Robins et al, 24 7 showed that the vast majority of participants with alcohol abuse disorders were diagnostically unstable: 81% of baseline abusers were in remission 1 year later, and 85% were in remission 3 years later. 26 Alcohol dependence remission rates were also high: 67% at Year 1 and 74% at Year 3.…”

Section: Professional and Conventional Wisdom About Disordered Gamblimentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability and Progression of Disordered Gambling: Lessons from Longitudinal Studies

et al. 2008

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W La Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, vol 53, no 1, janvier 2008 52Objective: Few studies have explicitly examined the stability (that is, the tendency for individuals to stay at one diagnostic level as opposed to moving to another improved or worsened level) or progression of disordered gambling; however, conventional wisdom holds that disordered gambling is intractable and escalating. The objective of this study was to examine these assumptions. Method:We reviewed 5 recent prospective studies of gambling behaviour among nontreatment samples for evidence related to the stability and progression of disordered gambling.Results: Our review found no evidence to support the assumption that individuals cannot recover from disordered gambling (that is, the persistence assumption), no evidence to support the assumption that individuals who have more severe gambling problems are less likely to improve than individuals who have less severe gambling problems (that is, the selective-stability assumption), and no evidence to support the assumption that individuals who have some gambling problems are more likely to worsen than individuals who do not have gambling problems (that is, the progression assumption). Conclusion:Contrary to professional and conventional wisdom suggesting that gambling problems are always progressive and enduring, this review demonstrates instability and multidirectional courses in disordered gambling. Can J Psychiatry 2008;53(1):52-60Information on funding and support and author affiliations appears at the end of the article. Clinical Implications· There is considerable movement in and out of more severe and less severe levels of gambling disorder. · The current evidence suggests that the general course of disordered gambling is in the direction of improved classifications: for individuals who experience maladaptive behaviour patterns (that is, Level 2 and Level 3 gamblers), the likelihood of improvement is high. · To avoid positively biasing treatment-outcome research, research that involves estimating treatment outcome should measure or, if a controlled experiment is not possible, acknowledge the extent to which people with disorders improve on their own. Limitations· More research is needed to characterize the nature, determinants, and stability of the worsening of disordered gambling. · Future research should use prospective designs to examine correlates of recovery patterns. · It is possible that, even though the individuals in the studies tended toward improvement in their gambling behaviour, they might have replaced their disordered gambling with a different type of disordered behaviour (for example, smoking, compulsive shopping, or excessive drinking).

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“…An extreme example is that of war. Just as Vietnam era veterans consumed more heroin during their tour of duty than they did before or after their service (Robins, Davis and Goodwin, 1974), so too may be the case among wartime women consuming more out-of-wedlock sex, with its accompanying consequences. The social stigma of the out-of-wedlock child is conceivably less severe during war.…”

Section: Alternative Explanationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Sex Ratio and the Out-of-Wedlock Birth Rate in the United States during World War II

McCormick¹,

Yeoh

Gerety³

2013

International Journal of Social Science Studies

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This paper provides a theoretical economic framework to study the effects of changes in the sex ratio on the out-of-wedlock birth rate in the United States. We model the demanders and suppliers of sexual relations as potential mates and the relative -price‖ of human sexual relations as the promises implicit within a traditional marriage (marriage, fidelity, wealth transfers, child support, etc.). We examine an instrument for the implicit -price‖ of sexual relations, namely the out-of-wedlock birth rate. We show that the reduction in the number of available sex partners for women during World War II decreased the -price‖-in terms of marriage-that remaining men had to pay for sex. One result of this lower -price‖ is an increase in the number of children born out-of-wedlock during the war. According to our regression results, a reduction in the sex ratio of 10 males per 100 females in the U.S. population during World War II increased the out-of wedlock birth rate by six to ten percent.

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Drug Use by U.S. Army Enlisted Men in Vietnam: A Follow-Up on Their Return Hom1

Cited by 231 publications

References 0 publications

Addiction and Cue-Triggered Decision Processes

Addiction and Cue-Triggered Decision Processes

Stability and Progression of Disordered Gambling: Lessons from Longitudinal Studies

The Sex Ratio and the Out-of-Wedlock Birth Rate in the United States during World War II

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