Drug Testing in Canadian Jails: To What End?

Kendall, Perry; Pearce, Marty

doi:10.1007/bf03404247

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…There may have been under-reporting of drug use behaviours that are illegal. The high prevalence of reported drug use and consistency with results from random drug screening (Kendall & Pearce 2000;Fraser et al 2001) suggests that the rates were not grossly under-reported. Nevertheless, we believe that there was probably some under-reporting of drug use in our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Prior opiate injection and incarceration history predict injection drug use among inmates

et al. 2003

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Prior opiate injection and incarceration history predict injection drug use among inmates

et al. 2003

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“…Nine percent of men and 16% of women in federal correctional institutions reported injecting opioids in the six months prior to incarceration (Zakaria et al, 2010) and similarly, in provincial correctional settings, 7.5% reported using heroin and 35.3% reported using other opioids in the year prior to incarceration (Kouyoumdjian et al, 2014). It is well documented that illicit opioid use persists in correctional facilities (Small, 2005; Wood et al, 2006a), with 10–20% of incarcerated persons testing positive for opioids on random urine drug screening (Kendall and Pearce, 2000). Release from correctional settings has been associated with an increased risk of overdose death in multiple settings (Binswanger et al, 2013; Binswanger et al, 2007; Bird and Hutchinson, 2003; Farrell and Marsden, 2008; Groot et al, 2016; Kouyoumdjian et al, 2016) presumably due to involuntary detoxification of opioid-dependent clients while incarcerated and resultant loss of tolerance (Binswanger et al, 2012; Strang et al, 2003; Tagliaro et al, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of opioid agonist therapy among incarcerated persons with opioid use disorder in Vancouver, Canada

Bozinoff

DeBeck

Milloy

et al. 2018

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Background: Inability to access opioid agonist therapy (OAT) in correctional settings has previously been reported in Vancouver, Canada, and is associated with harms among people with opioid use disorder (OUD), including overdose death. We investigated the prevalence and correlates of OAT utilization within correctional settings among incarcerated persons with OUD in Vancouver. Methods: Data were derived from three prospective cohorts of people who use drugs in Vancouver between 2005 and 2016. Using multivariable generalized estimating equations, we examined factors associated with OAT utilization among participants with OUD reporting incarceration in the past six months. Results: Among 597 eligible participants, 207 (34.7%) contributed 325 reports of having utilized OAT while incarcerated. Of those, 295 (90.8%) were continuations and 30 (9.2%) were new initiations of OAT while incarcerated. For those currently on OAT (at the time of interview), in multivariable analyses, non-fatal overdose (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=0.49, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.29–0.82) and daily prescription opioid use (AOR=0.42, 95% CI: 0.20–0.85) remained independently and negatively associated with having utilized OAT while incarcerated. For those not currently on OAT, none of the variables considered had significant associations with utilization of OAT while incarcerated. Conclusions: Utilization of OAT in correctional settings was low in our sample. Utilization of OAT was significantly and negatively associated with overdose and ongoing prescription opioid misuse if OAT was continued upon release from correctional settings. Findings underscore the urgent need for improved utilization of OAT in correctional settings, and linkage to community care to prevent harms such as overdose.

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