Drug Testing and Community Supervision Outcomes

Hicks, William D.; Holcomb, Jefferson E.; Alexander, Melissa; Clodfelter, Tammatha A.

doi:10.1177/0093854819898219

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…However, when POs were trained in both STARR and motivational interviewing, failure rates for high-risk probationers were reduced (Lowenkamp et al, 2014). In a recent study of STARR, Hicks and colleagues (2020) found decreased revocations for new crimes or non-drug-related technical violations among clients supervised by trained officers, but increased revocations for positive drug tests. Chadwick and colleagues (2015) conducted a meta-analysis of the existing literature on officer training programmes, suggesting training resulted in a 14% reduction in recidivism.…”

Section: Community Supervision Officer Training Programmesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Staff Training Aimed at Reducing Rearrest: Probation officer attitudes and experiences

Viglione¹,

Alward

Sheppard³

2020

European Journal of Probation

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Community correction organisations have recognised the importance of implementing evidence-based practices to improve probation practice and reduce recidivism rates. Research finds when probation agencies implement evidence-based practices in line with the Risk, Need, Responsivity model with fidelity, reductions in recidivism are possible. However, challenges of implementation persist. To assist in the translation of evidence-based practices to real-world practice, researchers and practitioners developed community supervision officer training programmes. Using qualitative interview data of trained federal probation officers, this study examined the implementation of the Staff Training Aimed at Reducing Rearrest. This study explored (1) probation officer attitudes and perceptions of Staff Training Aimed at Reducing Rearrest, training and implementation process; (2) how users and coaches implement key components of Staff Training Aimed at Reducing Rearrest; and (3) the organisational facilitators and barriers associated with Staff Training Aimed at Reducing Rearrest implementation. Findings suggest positive attitudes towards Staff Training Aimed at Reducing Rearrest for improving supervision process and highlight key facilitators and barriers that can be addressed to support successful implementation efforts.

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Section: Community Supervision Officer Training Programmesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Staff Training Aimed at Reducing Rearrest: Probation officer attitudes and experiences

Viglione¹,

Alward

Sheppard³

2020

European Journal of Probation

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“…19 Further, research to date has established that alcohol and illicit substance use are inversely associated with the completion of a community corrections sentence. 19,20 The failure to successfully complete a community corrections sentence leads to further sanctions and possible incarceration. 2 Furthermore, alcohol use, illicit substance use, and substance use disorders are strongly linked with recidivism.…”

Section: Substance Use Behaviors Among Adults On Community Correctionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Metropolitan Context of Substance use and Substance use Disorders among US Adults on Probation or Parole Supervision

2022

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Background: Rates of substance use and substance use disorders are higher among adults on probation or parole supervision compared to the general population. Substance use is a risk factor of not adhering to supervision requirements, which may result in revocation and incarceration. Examining associations of metropolitan area status with substance use and substance use disorders may identify specific substance use behaviors that can be targeted in community corrections prevention and treatment services. The present study examined associations of metropolitan area residency with substance use and substance use disorders among adults on probation or parole supervision. Methods: Data came from the 2015 to 2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health ([NSDUH]; N = 4266 adults on parole or probation). Multivariable logistic regression was run for substance-specific models for each of the two outcomes of past-year use and substance use disorder. Results: Nonmetropolitan residency was associated with higher odds of methamphetamine use and lower odds of cocaine use. Nonmetropolitan residency was associated with higher odds of methamphetamine use disorder and lower odds of opioid use disorder and cocaine use disorder. Conclusions: Study findings highlight the differences of substance use and substance use disorders between levels of metropolitan areas for those on probation or parole. Findings suggest that cocaine use should be emphasized in clinical services in large metropolitan areas, whereas methamphetamine use may be prioritized in nonmetropolitan areas. Further study is needed to investigate the interface of substance use behaviors and community corrections outcomes across metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas.

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“…Despite the posttraining increases noted in the use of these correctional skills, there remains significant room for improvement as trained officers appear to only apply the CCPs in 28% to 58% of their one-on-one interactions with clients (Bonta et al, 2011;Latessa et al, 2013;Robinson et al, 2011;Viglione & Labrecque, in press). These studies have also revealed that even when some trained officers apply these skills in practice, they often fail to do so with fidelity (Hicks et al, 2020;Labrecque et al, 2013;Latessa et al, 2013).…”

Section: Research On Community Supervision Officer Training Programsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another investigation reported that clients supervised by officers who displayed high-fidelity to the EPICS skills were less likely to be re-incarcerated or arrested for a new offense but were more likely to have received a technical violation than those monitored by low-fidelity officers (Latessa et al, 2013). Similarly, clients supervised by officers who were rated as proficient in the STARR model were less likely to have their probation revoked for a new crime or nondrug-related technical violation but were more likely to be revoked for positive drug test (Hicks et al, 2020).…”

Section: Research On Community Supervision Officer Training Programsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prior scholarship indicates that officer participation in a community supervision training program helps increase their use of CCPs (Bonta et al, 2011(Bonta et al, , 2019Labrecque et al, 2013;Latessa et al, 2013;Robinson et al, 2011Robinson et al, , 2012Smith et al, 2012). Research further suggests that officers who demonstrate greater fidelity in their use of CCPs provide the conditions and impart the skills onto their clientele, who in turn are better able to manage their own behavior and engage is less criminal activity (Bonta et al, 2011(Bonta et al, , 2019Hicks et al, 2020;Latessa et al, 2013). Nevertheless, regular training in these community supervision models alone has not been shown to increase proficiency and frequency of CCP use for all officers (Bonta et al, 2011(Bonta et al, , 2019Labrecque et al, 2013;Latessa et al, 2013;Robinson et al, 2011Robinson et al, , 2012Smith et al, 2012).…”

Section: Current Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Impact of a Community Supervision Officer Training Program on Client Outcomes: A Propensity Score Modeling Analysis by Officer Training Dosage

Labrecque

Viglione

2020

Criminal Justice and Behavior

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A growing body of research indicates officer training in correctional supervision programs is associated with improved use of evidence-based practices and lower rates of client recidivism. This scholarship also suggests larger reductions in recidivism can be achieved when officers implement program skills with higher quality. Despite their potential, research has shown standard training regiments alone are not sufficient in making all participants proficient users of skills. There is a need to determine what intensity of training produces the best results. In response, this study assessed the impact of federal probation officer training dosage in the Staff Training Aimed at Reducing Re-arrest (STARR) program on the outcomes of their clients. The results indicated clients of STARR-trained officers had fewer probation revocations and new arrests but more technical violations and positive drug tests. We also found clients supervised by officers with more versus less exposure to the STARR model had better outcomes.

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Drug Testing and Community Supervision Outcomes

Cited by 12 publications

References 44 publications

Staff Training Aimed at Reducing Rearrest: Probation officer attitudes and experiences

Staff Training Aimed at Reducing Rearrest: Probation officer attitudes and experiences

The Metropolitan Context of Substance use and Substance use Disorders among US Adults on Probation or Parole Supervision

The Impact of a Community Supervision Officer Training Program on Client Outcomes: A Propensity Score Modeling Analysis by Officer Training Dosage

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