Drug-susceptibility of isolates of &lt;i&gt;Brachyspira hyodysenteriae&lt;/i&gt; isolated from colonic mucosal specimens of pigs collected from slaughter houses in Japan in 2009

Kajiwara, Keita; Kozawa, Midori; Kanazawa, Takuya; Uetsuka, Kouji; Nakajima, Hiromi; Adachi, Yoshikazu

doi:10.1292/jvms.15-0608

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Our findings of high carbadox susceptibility of B. hyodysenteriae and/or B. pilosicoli isolates from the United States concurred with the trends observed for Sweden and Japan (24,33). The genetic mechanism of carbadox resistance has not been studied for Brachyspira species.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Our observations suggest that B. hyodysenteriae isolates from the United States (Table 2) are more susceptible to tiamulin and valnemulin than are isolates from Germany, Italy, Japan, Poland, Spain, the Czech Republic, and the United Kingdom (21)(22)(23)(24)(26)(27)(28), which have reported strains resistant to tiamulin and/or valnemulin. Interestingly, we found a similar MIC 50 value but higher MIC 90 value for B. hyodysenteriae (Table 2), compared with those reported for Australia and Sweden (13,15).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…hyodysenteriae and/or B. pilosicoli strains from numerous countries, including Australia (13), Belgium (20), the Czech Republic (21), Germany (22), Italy (23), Japan (24), Netherlands (25), Poland (26), Spain (27), Sweden (15), and the United Kingdom (28), were reported to have low susceptibilities to one or more antimicrobial agents. Some studies have also identified resistant strains in several farms or regions as a result of clonal dissemination (23,28).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Brachyspira Species Isolated from Swine Herds in the United States

2016

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Outbreaks of swine dysentery, caused by Brachyspira hyodysenteriae and the recently discovered "Brachyspira hampsonii," have reoccurred in North American swine herds since the late 2000s. Additionally, multiple Brachyspira species have been increasingly isolated by North American diagnostic laboratories. In Europe, the reliance on antimicrobial therapy for control of swine dysentery has been followed by reports of antimicrobial resistance over time. The objectives of our study were to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility trends of four Brachyspira species originating from U.S. swine herds and to investigate their associations with the bacterial species, genotypes, and epidemiological origins of the isolates. We evaluated the susceptibility of B. hyodysenteriae, B. hampsonii, Brachyspira pilosicoli, and Brachyspira murdochii to tiamulin, valnemulin, doxycycline, lincomycin, and tylosin by broth microdilution and that to carbadox by agar dilution. In general, Brachyspira species showed high susceptibility to tiamulin, valnemulin, and carbadox, heterogeneous susceptibility to doxycycline, and low susceptibility to lincomycin and tylosin. A trend of decreasing antimicrobial susceptibility by species was observed (B. hampsonii > B. hyodysenteriae > B. murdochii > B. pilosicoli). In general, Brachyspira isolates from the United States were more susceptible to these antimicrobials than were isolates from other countries. Decreased antimicrobial susceptibility was associated with the genotype, stage of production, and production system from which the isolate originated, which highlights the roles of biosecurity and husbandry in disease prevention and control. Finally, this study also highlights the urgent need for Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute-approved clinical breakpoints for Brachyspira species, to facilitate informed therapeutic and control strategies.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

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Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Brachyspira Species Isolated from Swine Herds in the United States

2016

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“…26 In a study in Japan, although a number of colonic mucosal samples from slaughtered pigs were positive for B. hyodysenteriae, no detailed information regarding the clinical status of the herd of origin of these samples was communicated. 15 In our study, the recovery rate for B. hyodysenteriae in 35% of the herds (7 of 20) and in 4% of intestines (16 of 400) was expected for subclinically infected herds. Our samples mainly represented pigs and/or herds without clinical SD as reported by the pig owners and supported by the scarcity of diarrheic feces and of significant SD-like lesions in the examined intestines.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 46%

Brachyspira hyodysenteriae detection in the large intestine of slaughtered pigs

et al. 2017

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Detection of subclinical Brachyspira hyodysenteriae infection in pig herds using feces is challenging. However, the ability to detect the pathogen in intestinal samples of slaughtered pigs has not been investigated, to our knowledge. Therefore, we determined the detection of B. hyodysenteriae in the colon, cecum, and rectum from slaughtered pigs. We analyzed the correlation between detection rates and intestinal lesions, ingesta or fecal consistency, and time from sample collection until processing. A total of 400 ingesta-mucosal (colon, cecum) and 200 fecal (rectum) samples from 200 pigs originating from 20 different herds were bacteriologically examined using selective culture followed by Brachyspira spp. identification by PCR and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Ingesta or fecal consistency and intestinal lesions were scored. Brachyspira hyodysenteriae was detected in 23 samples from 16 intestines originating from 7 herds. Brachyspira spp. were detected in 96 samples. More intestinal (16) than fecal (7) samples tested positive for B. hyodysenteriae. For Brachyspira spp., this difference was significant (69 vs. 27; p < 0.01). In particular, colon samples tested positive ( n = 42, p = 0.06). Most (91%) of the intestines showed no lesions typical for clinical B. hyodysenteriae infection, and median ingesta or fecal consistency was "soft and formed," indicating subclinical infection, colonization, or absence of infection. Ingesta from slaughtered pigs, in particular from the colon and sites with lesions, is useful material for detection of B. hyodysenteriae.

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“…Existen pocos estudios sobre sensibilidad a antimicrobianos de aislados de B. hyodysenteriae en países asiáticos. En el caso de Japón se han descrito resistencias a macrólidos y sensibilidad intermedia a tiamulina, tetraciclina y valnemulina, con incrementos de las concentraciones mínimas inhibitorias para estos antibióticos en los últimos años (Kajiwara et al 2015). Los estudios más recientes realizados en Estados Unidos.…”

Section: Antibióticounclassified

Aportaciones al diagnóstico y control de la disentería porcina = Contributions to the dianosis and control of swine dysentery

Morán¹,

Miguel²

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Las espiroquetas son un grupo de bacterias que forman el filo Spirochaetes, uno de los 25 filos en que se divide actualmente el superreino Bacteria. Forman un amplio grupo bacteriano filogenéticamente relacionado, con evidencias fenotípicas comunes como es la presencia de flagelos periplasmáticos y otras características como la resistencia de la mayoría de sus miembros a la rifampicina (Kunkle & Kinyon 1988; Wyss et al. 1996; Stamm et al. 2001). El filo Spirochaetes contiene una única clase, Spirochaetia, y seis ordenes, entre ellos el orden Brachyspirales, formado por una única familia, Brachyspiraceae, con un único género denominado Brachyspira, en el que están incluidas las espiroquetas intestinales con mayor relevancia clínica para especies como el cerdo, como veremos más adelante. Clásicamente, los actuales ordenes se clasificaban como familias dentro del orden Spirochaetales, distinguiéndose entre ellas en base a sus características bioquímicas y a las secuencias del ácido ribonucleico ribosómico (ARNr) 16S o del gen que lo codifica (Paster et al. 1991; Paster & Dewhirst 2000). Estudios recientes, basados en evidencias filogenéticas y moleculares, propusieron que dichas familias podían ser, en realidad, divisiones taxonómicas mayores como órdenes o incluso clases dentro del propio filo Spirochaetes, como actualmente están clasificadas (Gupta et al. 2013). Dentro del filo Spirochaetes se incluyen cuatro géneros con gran importancia clínica que engloban especies causantes de importantes enfermedades. Así, Treponema pallidum es el agente etiológico de la sífilis, Borrellia burgdorferi causa la enfermedad de Lyme y especies de los géneros Leptospira y Brachyspira causan leptopirosis y espiroquetosis intestinales, respectivamente, en diversas especies animales incluido el hombre (Gupta et al. 2013).

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Drug-susceptibility of isolates of <i>Brachyspira hyodysenteriae</i> isolated from colonic mucosal specimens of pigs collected from slaughter houses in Japan in 2009

Cited by 12 publications

References 12 publications

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Brachyspira Species Isolated from Swine Herds in the United States

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Brachyspira Species Isolated from Swine Herds in the United States

Brachyspira hyodysenteriae detection in the large intestine of slaughtered pigs

Aportaciones al diagnóstico y control de la disentería porcina = Contributions to the dianosis and control of swine dysentery

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