Drug-Resistant Salmonella From Animals Fed Antimicrobials

Holbert, Sébastien

doi:10.1097/00006454-198501000-00035

Cited by 45 publications

(52 citation statements)

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“…We omitted the study by Pavia et al [9] because it deals with drugsusceptible strains, and the studies by Holmberg et al [5] because an OR cannot be calculated. On the basis of the remaining 6 studies, the cumulative OR value for infection risk among subjects taking an antimicrobial to which the pathogen was resistant was 3.7 (95% CI, 2.7-5.0).…”

Section: Increased Vulnerability To Infection Resulting From Treatmenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Excess Infections Due to Antimicrobial Resistance: The “Attributable Fraction”

Barza

Travers²

2002

CLIN INFECT DIS

118

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Antimicrobial use causes a transient decrease in an individual's resistance to colonization by noncommensal bacteria ("competitive effect") and increases the likelihood of infection upon exposure to a foodborne pathogen. The additional "selective effect" of antimicrobial resistance results in a >3-fold increase in vulnerability to infection by an antimicrobial-resistant pathogen among individuals receiving antimicrobial therapy for unrelated reasons. Combining the increase in vulnerability to infection with the prevalence of taking an antimicrobial agent, it is possible to estimate the attributable fraction, or the number of excess infections that occurred as a result of the unrelated use of an antimicrobial agent to which the pathogen was resistant. Calculations based on estimates of the annual infection rates and attributable fractions of infections with nontyphoidal Salmonella and Campylobacter jejuni suggest that resistance to antimicrobial agents results annually in an additional 29,379 nontyphoidal Salmonella infections, leading to 342 hospitalizations and 12 deaths, and an additional 17,668 C. jejuni infections, leading to 95 hospitalizations.

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Section: Increased Vulnerability To Infection Resulting From Treatmenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Excess Infections Due to Antimicrobial Resistance: The “Attributable Fraction”

Barza

Travers²

2002

CLIN INFECT DIS

118

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“…Transfer of resistant Salmonellae from animals to humans has been previously described by several authors [4][5][6][7] . Since salmonella-resistant isolates from humans and animals have been monitored for many years, the emergence and dissemination of resistance in this species is very well documented.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial-ResistantSalmonella entericaSerovars Isolated from Chickens in Spain

Hernández¹,

Rodriguez-Alvarez²,

Arévalo³

et al. 2002

Journal of Chemotherapy

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In order to analyze the antibiotic resistance of Salmonella enterica serovars, a total of 112 Salmonella strains were tested (54 S. enteritidis, 32 S. typhimurium, 11 S. heidelberg, 7 S. infantis, 4 S. virchow and 4 S. hadar). The bacteria were isolated from 691 samples of frozen and fresh chicken meat. Identification of microorganisms and antimicrobial sensitivity testing were undertaken by means of the automated MicroScan AutoScan 4 method (Baxter in Spain). 45.5% of 112 strains tested were susceptible to all antibiotics. The highest percentage of resistance was found to: chloramphenicol (44.6%), ampicillin (34.8%) and tetracycline (33.9%). Multiple resistance was observed in 49 strains (43.7%), whereas single resistance was seen in 12 isolates (10.7%). We found 12 different patterns of resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar enteriditis. Resistance to chloramphenicol was the most common single resistance. The most frequent patterns of multiresistant strains were ampicillin + amoxicillin/clavulanate + cefazolin + imipenem and chloramphenicol + impipenem. In this serotype, 49 isolates belonged to phagetype 4. Salmonella typhimurium showed the highest percentages of resistance to the tested drugs, with six different resistance patterns found. 25 strains out of 32 S. typhimurium isolates belonged to phagotype 120 and 13 of these showed the same resistance pattern: chloramphenicol + tetracycline + ampicillin. The high incidence of antibiotic resistant salmonellae found in chickens in our study suggests the need for public health interventions to decrease selective pressure on bacterial strains by antimicrobial agents.

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“…Such organisms, particularly Salmonella spp., acquired from meat products have been implicated in a number of outbreaks (Holmberg et al 1984;Spika et al 1987). Relatively little is known about the occurrence and behaviour of drug resistance determinants in natural bacterial populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of aminoglycoside phosphotransferase subclass I and II structural genes among Enterobacteriaceae spp. isolated from meat samples

Jayaratne

Collins‐Thompson

Trevors

1990

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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3'-Aminoglycoside phosphotransferase [APH(3')] enzymes are a group responsible for resistance to the antibiotics kanamycin (Km) and neomycin (Nm) in bacteria. Escherichia coli ECT24, originally isolated from a meat sample, harboured an 83-kb conjugative R-plasmid (pRPJ24) that carries transferable resistance to Km and Nm. Plasmid pRPJ24 was transferred by conjugation to Enterobacter cloacae 94R, which was used as the source of plasmid DNA in development of a probe for the Km-resistance determinant. Random cloning of BamHI and HindIII double-digest restriction fragments of pRPJ24 in the pUC18 vector plasmid produced clones resistant to both Nm and Km carrying a 1.9-kb DNA insert. Southern hybridization of pRPJ24 cloned chimeric plasmid DNA (pKPJ94) showed homology with the APH(3')II gene from transposon Tn5. A PstI digest of pKPJ94 produced a 920-bp fragment which hybridized with the APH(3')II structural gene, and was used as a DNA probe for the APH(3')II subclass gene. A 980-bp BamHI fragment from plasmid pGH54 carrying the APH(3')I gene from transposon Tn903 was used as a subclass I probe. Total DNA from 206 randomly screened Km-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolates from raw ground beef and chicken meat samples were examined for the occurrence of APH(3') subclass I and II using non-radioactively-labelled DNA probes. Thirty-six percent and 60% of the isolates examined carried subclass I and II resistances, respectively, in the isolates from chicken meat samples. The corresponding values for bacterial strains from raw ground beef samples were 51% and 72%, respectively. Four percent of the resistant bacterial isolates from chicken samples did not display homology to either probe.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Drug-Resistant Salmonella From Animals Fed Antimicrobials

Cited by 45 publications

References 0 publications

Excess Infections Due to Antimicrobial Resistance: The “Attributable Fraction”

Excess Infections Due to Antimicrobial Resistance: The “Attributable Fraction”

Antimicrobial-ResistantSalmonella entericaSerovars Isolated from Chickens in Spain

Occurrence of aminoglycoside phosphotransferase subclass I and II structural genes among Enterobacteriaceae spp. isolated from meat samples

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