Drug Resistance in Arthropod Parasites

Nolan, Justin M.; Schnitzerling, H. J.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-1233-8_32

Cited by 34 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Traditionally, tick control has been with the use of chemicals, beginning with arsenic in the 19th century and proceeding through D D T and other organohalogen derivatives, to organophosphates, organocarbamates, amidines and synthetic pyrethroids. Resistance by the tick has developed to every one of these (Nolan & Schnitzerling, 1986;Nolan et al 1989;Schnitzerling, Nolan & Hughes, 1989). Recently a single tick isolate has been shown to exhibit high level resistance to a range of synthetic pyrethroids and the only amidine remaining on the Australian market.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Commercialisation of a recombinant vaccine againstBoophilus microplus

Willadsen

Bird

Cobon³

et al. 1995

Parasitology

298

166

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Increasingly, there is need for methods to control cattle tick (Boophilus microplus) infestations by the use of non-chemical technology. This need is brought about by a mixture of market forces and the failure or inadequacy of existing technology. A recombinant vaccine has now been developed against the tick. This vaccine relies on the uptake with the blood meal of antibody directed against a critical protein in the tick gut. The isolation of the vaccine antigen, Bm86, and its production as a recombinant protein is briefly described. The vaccine has been tested in the field, has been taken through the full registration process and is now in commercial use in Australia. A related development has occurred in Cuba. The potential for improvement of the current vaccine and for the development of similar vaccines against other haematophagous parasites is discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Commercialisation of a recombinant vaccine againstBoophilus microplus

Willadsen

Bird

Cobon³

et al. 1995

Parasitology

298

166

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Toxicity to the host and cost are factors that should be considered. The addition of a synergist to the formulation of an acaricide would have potential value if the resistance mechanism in target tick population was known to be detoxification (Nolan & Schnitzerling, 1986). Eradication of the resistant alleles is a possibility if the populations of the resistant ticks are not widespread.…”

Section: I T I G a T I O N O F R E S I S T A N C E T O T I C K Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical control of ticks on cattle and the resistance of these parasites to acaricides

2004

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Toward the end of the nineteenth century a complex of problems related to ticks and tick-borne diseases of cattle created a demand for methods to control ticks and reduce losses of cattle. The discovery and use of arsenical solutions in dipping vats for treating cattle to protect them against ticks revolutionized tick and tick-borne disease control programmes. Arsenic dips for cattle were used for about 40 years before the evolution of resistance of ticks to the chemical, and the development and marketing of synthetic organic acaricides after World War II provided superior alternative products. Most of the major groups of organic pesticides are represented on the list of chemicals used to control ticks on cattle. Unfortunately, the successive evolution of resistance of ticks to acaricides in each chemical group with the concomitant reduction in the usefulness of a group of acaricides is a major reason for the diversity of acaricides. Whether a producer chooses a traditional method for treating cattle with an acaricide or uses a new method, he must recognize the benefits, limitations and potential problems with each application method and product. Simulation models and research were the basis of recommendations for tick control strategies advocating approaches that reduced reliance on acaricides. These recommendations for controlling ticks on cattle are in harmony with recommendations for reducing the rate of selection for acaricide resistance. There is a need to transfer knowledge about tick control and resistance mitigation strategies to cattle producers.

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“…The control of ectoparasites of veterinary importance still relies heavily on the use of chemicals of whatever origin or class. Chemical compounds have, however, suffered a number of drawbacks such as the development of resistance to nearly all classes of chemicals (Cardozo et al 1984 ;Curtis, 1987 ;Desquesnes, 1987 ;Martins & Furlong, 2001), or human, animal or environmental safety concerns, like the necessity to limit the chemicals residues in human food (Nolan & Schnitzerling, 1986 ;Kemp et al 1998) and strict risk assessment of environmental impact due to veterinary products (Koschorreck, Koch & Ronnefahrt, 2002). One of the major limitations to the development of products with novel modes of action is that most of the existing pesticides target the nervous system and there is a limit to the number of neuroactive target sites (Taylor, 2001).…”

Section: A C a R I C I D E R E G I S T R A T I O N U S E M I S-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tick control: an industry point of view

Gogolewski²,

et al. 2004

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The development of new acaricides is a long and very expensive process. Worryingly, there is increasing resistance to available acaricides worldwide leading to the real possibility that our dwindling supply of effective acaricides will be exhausted unless action is taken to increase the number of new acaricidal products and reduce the rate of resistance development. In 1995, eight major animal health pharmaceutical companies formed the Veterinary Parasite Resistance Group (VPRG) to act as an expert consultative group to guide the FAO in resistance management and collaborate in the prudent use of acaricides. In this paper, members of the VPRG discuss the problems and processes in acaricide development, resistance in the field to commonly used acaricides and the different considerations when targeting the cattle and pet market, and give their view of the future for tick control from the perspective of the animal health industry.

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Drug Resistance in Arthropod Parasites

Cited by 34 publications

References 43 publications

Commercialisation of a recombinant vaccine againstBoophilus microplus

Commercialisation of a recombinant vaccine againstBoophilus microplus

Chemical control of ticks on cattle and the resistance of these parasites to acaricides

Tick control: an industry point of view

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