Drug Loading and Release from Electrospun Biodegradable Nanofibers

Abstract

This review explores the potential of electrospun nanofibers for drug delivery applications. In the first section, some of the key challenges in drug delivery as well as the promise of electrospun drug loaded nanofibers are highlighted. Techniques of drug incorporation into nanofibers such as blending, surface modification and co-axial electrospinning are detailed. The major requirements of drug eluting scaffolds such as biocompatibility and biodegradability, efficient drug control and release, and adequate mechanical performance are addressed. Drug release kinetics, biodegradability and mechanical properties can be controlled by careful selection of polymers and electrospinning processing parameters while biocompatibility of electrospun mats may be enhanced through surface modification of the nanofibers. The major applications as well as the routes of administration of the drug-loaded electrospun nanostructures are discussed. Currently available drug eluting nanofibrous mats for applications ranging from cancer therapy to wound dressings as well as their preclinical trials are also reviewed.

Nanofibers and Applications as Colon Specific Drug Delivery System

“…Antibiyotik, antikanser ilaçların yanı sıra proteinler, enzimler, DNA, RNA, canlı hücreler ve çeşitli büyüme faktörleri elektro-çekim nanoliflere yük-lenebilmektedir. [12][13][14] Elektro-çekim liflerin ilaç taşıyıcı sistem olarak kullanımına yönelik önemli ilerlemeler olmasına rağmen çözülmesi gereken birçok problem de bulunmaktadır. Bunlardan ilki, endüstriyel ölçekte tekrarlı üretimlerde aynı biçimli nanolif elde edebilme zorluğudur.…”

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Yasin TURANLI ve ark.J Lit Pharm Sci 2018;7(1): [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] 12 ŞEKİL 1: Basit bir elektro-çekim düzeneği (Şekil tarafımızca çizilmiştir). Bu avantajlar, nanoliflerin birçok endüstri alanına rahatlıkla girmesine ve potansiyel kullanım alanı sağlamasına izin vermektedir.

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“…Uygulama öncesi uygun sterilizasyon işlemleri yapılmalıdır ve immünolojik yanıtlar incelenmelidir. [12][13][14] Farklı grup ilaçlar çeşitli taşıyıcılara yüklene-rek birçok nanolif ilaç taşıyıcı sistem geliştirilmiş-tir. Son yıllarda bu alanda yapılan çalışmalarda kullanılan taşıyıcılar ve bu çalışmaların özellikleri Tablo 1'de görülmektedir.…”

Recent Review on Nanofiber for Drug Delivery Systems

“…Surface modification of nanofibers consists of plasma treatment, wet chemical method along with surface graft polymerization [28] Owing to the processing advances of synthetic polymers, a wide variety of molecules having distinctive biological functions be capable to immobilized onto the Nano fibrous surface not including compromising bulk properties. The healing agent is chemically bound otherwise conjugated to the fiber surface, thereby persist its functionality and falling burst effect [29] Primary carboxylate groups and amine are mainly wide-range used to immobilize bioactive molecules [30] It is consequently more appropriate for gene or growth-factor release where a slow and long-lasting delivery is required 63-67. though, drugs that are involve to be endocytosis or that require interaction through the cell nucleus cannot be immobilized in this means [31] Polymer substrates plasma treatment have been used to tailor surface adhesion and wetting properties by modify the surface chemical compositions suitable choice of the plasma source permits the introduction of diverse functional groups with the target surface which, in twist allows subsequent covalent immobilization of bioactive molecules. For example, carboxyl or amine groups on nanofiber surfaces could be generated through typical plasma treatments through oxygen, ammonia or air [32] new efficient groups can also be created using partial surface hydrolysis through wet chemical process.…”

“…The core-shell structural designs stay the core ingredient from throughout introduction to the biological environment and tender to the sustained and long-lasting release of the therapeutic agent. [30] The main benefit of this way over the frequently used electrospinning is that the fibers are made-up from two divide solutions. This reduces the interaction among aqueousbased organic molecules and the crude solvents in which the polymer is typically dissolved.…”