Drug-Induced Amnesia Hurts Recognition, but Only for Memories That Can Be Unitized

Reder, Lynne M.; Oates, Joyce M.; Thornton, Edward R.; Quinlan, Joseph J.; Kaufer, Abigail; Sauer, Jennifer

doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01744.x

Cited by 21 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(45 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…BA refers to the approximate Brodmann area corresponding to the coordinates based on the Talairach and Tournoux (1988) atlas. Clusters containing less than five voxels were excluded types that are difficult to bind to context (e.g., abstract pictures) (Reder et al 2006). Dose-related decreases in encoding-related activation were also observed in the left anterior cingulate cortex (BA 32; Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Second, given that benzodiazepines have been hypothesized (cf. Brown and Brown 1990;Curran et al 1993;Duka et al 1996;Hirshman et al 2002;Mintzer 2003;Reder et al 2006) to impair the contextual memory and episodic binding processes thought to be controlled by the medial temporal lobe, dose-related deactivation during encoding may also be observed in the medial temporal region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Dose effects of triazolam on brain activity during episodic memory encoding: a PET study

et al. 2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Results are consistent with behavioral evidence that benzodiazepines impair prefrontal control processes as well as contextual memory and episodic binding processes thought to be controlled by the medial temporal lobe. In addition to elucidating the brain mechanisms underlying these benzodiazepine-induced behavioral deficits, results of this study also help validate hypotheses generated in nonpharmacological neuroimaging studies regarding the processes controlled by these brain regions.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Dose effects of triazolam on brain activity during episodic memory encoding: a PET study

et al. 2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Three studies suggest that midazolam affects recollection more than familiarity (Curran, DeBuse, et al, 2006;Reder et al, 2006;Hirshman et al, 2002). Hirshman et al (2002) used the remember/know procedure with low-frequency and high-frequency words and found that subjects made more remember responses following saline than midazolam, and midazoalm decreased the hit rates for low-frequency words while having no effect on false alarm (FA) rates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Midazolam has been used to study the processes of recognition memory (Curran, DeBuse, Woroch, & Hirshman, 2006;Reder et al, 2006;Hirshman, Fisher, Henthorn, Arndt, & Passannante, 2002). Three studies suggest that midazolam affects recollection more than familiarity (Curran, DeBuse, et al, 2006;Reder et al, 2006;Hirshman et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Midazolam-induced Amnesia Reduces Memory for Details and Affects the ERP Correlates of Recollection and Familiarity

Nyhus

Curran

2012

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Dual process models suggest that recognition memory is supported by familiarity and recollection processes. Previous research administering amnesic drugs and measuring ERPs during recognition memory have provided evidence for separable neural correlates of familiarity and recollection. This study examined the effect of midazolam-induced amnesia on memory for details and the proposed ERP correlates of recognition. Midazolam or saline was administered while subjects studied oriented pictures of common objects. ERPs were recorded during a recognition test 1 day later. Subjects' discrimination of old and new pictures as well as orientation discrimination was worse when they were given midazolam instead of saline. As predicted, the parietal old/new effect was decreased with the administration of midazolam. However, weaker effects on FN400 old/new effects were also observed. These results provide converging pharmacological and electrophysiological evidence that midazolam primarily affects recollection as indexed by parietal ERP old/new effects and memory for orientation, while also exerting some weaker effects on familiarity as indexed by FN400 old/new effects.

show abstract

“…Activation spreads from these three sources to all associated nodes in proportion to their relative strength. The response term will be recalled if the activation level of the correct episode node passes threshold.In the midazolam condition, we assume that temporary amnesia is caused by the inability to create new bindings (Ghoneim, 2004;Park, Quinlan, Thornton, & Reder, 2004;Reder et al, 2006). We assume that after the injection of midazolam, subjects have a decreased ability to form links.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrograde facilitation under midazolam: The role of general and specific interference

Reder

Oates

Dickison

et al. 2007

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In a double-blind, placebo-controlled experiment that used midazolam, a benzodiazepine that creates temporary amnesia, we compared acquisition and retention of paired associates of different types. Some word pairs were studied before the injection of saline or midazolam, and two lists of word pairs were studied after the injection. Critical comparisons involved retention of pairs that were practiced on all three lists, pairs studied on only one list, and pairs that involved recombining cue and response terms from one list to the next, as a function of drug condition. Previous research with benzodiazepines had found retrograde facilitation for material acquired prior to injection, compared with the control condition. One explanation for this facilitation is that the anterograde amnesia produced by the benzodiazepine frees up the hippocampus to better consolidate previously learned material (Wixted, 2004(Wixted, , 2005. We accounted for a rich data set using a simple computational model that incorporated interference effects (cue overload) at retrieval for both general (experimental context) interference and specific (stimulus term) interference without the need to postulate a role for consolidation. The computational model as an Excel spreadsheet may be downloaded from www.psychonomic.org/archive.Psychologists have long investigated the class of mechanisms that affect retention of past experience. Wixted (2004Wixted ( , 2005 notes that psychologists have ignored the role of consolidation while debating the role of interference and decay as mechanisms of forgetting. He reviews evidence from psychology, psychopharmacology, and neuroscience to argue that the traditional psychological theories of forgetting "may not be relevant to the kind of interference that induces most forgetting in everyday life" (p.6). Wixted reviews evidence from Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to L. M. Reder, Psychology Department, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 (e-mail: reder@cmu.edu). Archived MaterialsThe following materials [and links] associated with this article may be accessed through the Psychonomic Society's Norms, Stimuli, and Data archive, www.psychonomic.org/archive. To access these files [or links], search the archive for this article using the journal name (Psychonomic Bulletin & Review), the first author's name (Reder), and the publication year (2007 psychopharmacology to support the claim that general interference or "mental exertion" is a major determinant in whether information is forgotten. In particular he notes that benzodiazepines, which produce amnesia for material learned after the drug, create retrograde facilitation for material learned before the drug. He argues that this results from the absence of mental exertion. This article reports a new study designed to understand the mechanisms that underlie the retrograde facilitation observed under the influence of benzodiazepines.Studies using benzodiazepines, such as diazepam (Valium) and alprazolam...

show abstract

Drug-Induced Amnesia Hurts Recognition, but Only for Memories That Can Be Unitized

Cited by 21 publications

References 33 publications

Dose effects of triazolam on brain activity during episodic memory encoding: a PET study

Dose effects of triazolam on brain activity during episodic memory encoding: a PET study

Midazolam-induced Amnesia Reduces Memory for Details and Affects the ERP Correlates of Recollection and Familiarity

Retrograde facilitation under midazolam: The role of general and specific interference

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About