Objective: This study involves preparation and evaluation of floating tablets of ritonavir (RN) for improving the drug bioavailability by prolongation of gastric residence time. RN is an antiretroviral agent used in the treatment of HIV and viral diseases have been taken as a model drug in this investigation because of its low biological half-life (3-5 hrs). Moreover, it is primarily absorbed from stomach.Methods: RN floating tablets were prepared by the dry granulation technique, using guar gum and xanthan gum as polymers, sodium bicarbonate as effervescent agent, polyvinylpyrrolidone as binding agent, Dicalcium phosphate as diluents, crospovidone as swelling agent and magnesium stearate as lubricant. The prepared tablets were evaluated for various physicochemical parameters.Results: Drug-excipient interaction studies were conducted by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. The results suggested that there was no incompatibility between the drug and polymers. The prepared tablets were evaluated for their physical characteristics. All the parameters were within the pharmacopoeial limits. Further, tablets were also studied for their floating properties and in vitro drug release characteristics. The tablets exhibited controlled and prolonged drug release profiles. The developed formulation was found to be stable.
Conclusion:The developed floating tablets of RN exhibit prolonged release up to 12 hrs, and thus may improve bioavailability and minimize fluctuations in plasma drug concentrations.