Drought and Salinity in Citriculture: Optimal Practices to Alleviate Salinity and Water Stress

Júnior

Rev. bras. eng. agríc. ambient.

et al. 2022

An efficient water management in irrigation is essential to optimize water efficiency, especially when using brackish water. Thus, the present study was carried out aiming to analyze gas exchanges, pod production, and the water status of peanut plants under increasing levels of salinity (electrical conductivity of 0.12, 1.6, 2.8, 4.0, and 5.2 dS m-1) and the application of the irrigation depth via pulses. A randomized block design in a 5 × 2 factorial scheme was used with four replications, adding up to forty experimental units. The experiment was carried out in drainage lysimeters, at the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, in open fields from September to November 2019. It was concluded that the use of pulse drip irrigation did not mitigate the deleterious effect of salinity but promoted higher grain and pod production compared to continuous drip irrigation. It was also found that the use of brackish water via pulse drip irrigation promotes greater water use efficiency compared to continuous drip irrigation, and that the increase in the electrical conductivity of the water reduced the water, pressure, and osmotic potentials, along with the osmotic adjustment.

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production and water relations of peanut irrigated with brackish water under pulse and continuous drip

Júnior

Rev. bras. eng. agríc. ambient.

et al. 2022

“…Although in the present study, no obvious shoot growth and shoot abundance were found across the water deficit treatments. In general, water stress or water deficit can reduce nonstructural sugar content, canopy growth and yield in citrus (Pérez‐Pérez et al, 2008; Ziogas et al, 2021). However, some drought‐tolerant citrus rootstocks can alleviate the negative effect of drought on plant growth, for example maintaining canopy growth (Sampaio et al, 2021) and induced root growth (Pedroso et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Root:shoot balance controls flush phenology and carbohydrate translocation dynamics in citrus (Citrusxsinensis) trunk

Vincent

2021

Physiologia Plantarum

Flush shoot growth presents a fluctuation pattern alternating with root growth. The cyclic pattern determines the balance of root:shoot and can affect the direction and speed of carbohydrate translocation during the vegetative growth period. In this study, we used water deficit to limit corresponding growth in sweet orange (Citrus x sinensis) “OLL 4” grafted on “US‐942” rootstock, and then observed the changes of translocation dynamics between two flush statuses. Our first hypothesis was that water deficit would reduce root growth and extend the root growth phase during the growth cycle, delaying the following flush. We then tested the related second hypothesis that shoot flushes would switch the direction and slow the speed of carbohydrate transport due to fluctuation between single and dual sinks. After recovery from a severe deficit, the flush was synchronized and emerged within 2 weeks. Mild and moderate water‐deficit plants showed a delayed new flush. Next, we used a 14C‐labeling method to test whether translocation was affected by the presence of new flush. Basipetal translocation was dominant, but the new flush increased the likelihood of acropetal translocation. Translocation speeds were not different in both directions regardless of flushing status, though speed estimates were highly variable, even though 14C export from the source leaf increased when new flush was present. The results suggest that flush timing across an environmental gradient is governed by source‐sink dynamics. The presence of new flush altered the direction of photoassimilate translocation and rate of leaf export, but stem transport speeds were not distinguishably different.

Citrus Research - Horticultural and Human Health Aspects

“…Drought, or, in other words, limited access to water is considered one of the most limiting citrus growth and production factors with adverse effects. This stress negatively affects citrus production and will be progressively more intense in some areas due to global climate changes [15,16]. Climate change event and, consequently, global warming has exacerbated the destructive effects of drought stress with various impacts on temperature and rainfall patterns in different areas [10].…”

Section: Drought Stress and Its Management And Mitigation Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abiotic Stresses Management in Citrus

Rafie-Rad¹,

Moradkhani²,

Golchin³

et al. 2023

Citrus production is affected globally by several environmental stresses. Some citrus-producing regions suffer from severe ecological abiotic stresses, including cold, soil salinity and sodicity, extreme temperature, and drought. These abiotic stresses can alleviate the growth, fruit yield, and quality of citrus. Strategies that attempt to sustain and increase tolerance of citrus against the negative effect of abiotic stresses are the use of antiperspirant compounds, phytohormones, synthetic and natural growth regulators, soil and plant moisture retaining tools and structures, nutrition management, application of organic fertilizers, rootstocks breeding in citriculture, and others. These strategies increase the yield and growth of the plant along with the relative improvement of the fruit quality during the growth and fruiting period, increasing the absorption of water and nutrients, the extensive accumulation of osmolytes and the increase of antioxidant enzymes, changes in the amount of signaling substances, and the expression of genes under stress, increase tolerance to abiotic stresses in citrus fruits. In this review, we tried to provide a summary of the abiotic stress management in citrus by literature.