Drosophila Chromosomal Polymorphism: From Population Aspects to Origin Mechanisms of Inversions

Garcia, Carolina Gallo; Valente, Vera L. S.

doi:10.5772/intechopen.73246

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…Moreover, inversions can trigger positional effects, where expression patterns of genes are altered due to changes in their relative chromosomal position ( [124][125][126] but see [127]). However, their most fundamental effect is the strong suppression of recombination in heterozygotes, since crossing-over within the inverted region results in abnormal chromatids [128][129][130]. As shown in humans where inversions can cause numerous diseases, many of these effects have deleterious consequences [131]; however there are some rare adaptive cases (reviewed in 4.5).…”

Section: Population Genetics Of Chromosomal Inversionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population Genomics on the Fly: Recent Advances in Drosophila

Haudry

Laurent

Kapun

2020

Methods in Molecular Biology

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Drosophila melanogaster, a small dipteran of African origin, represents one of the best-studied model organisms. Early work in this system has uniquely shed light on the basic principles of genetics and resulted in a versatile collection of genetic tools that allow to uncover mechanistic links between genotype and phenotype. Moreover, given its world-wide distribution in diverse habitats and its moderate genome-size, Drosophila has proven very powerful for population genetics inference and was one of the first eukaryotes whose genome was fully sequenced. In this bookchapter, we provide a brief historical overview of research in Drosophila and then focus on recent advances during the genomic era. After describing different types and sources of genomic data, we discuss mechanisms of neutral evolution including the demographic history of Drosophila and the effects of recombination and biased gene conversion. Then, we review recent advances in detecting genome-wide signals of selection, such as soft and hard selective sweeps. We further provide a brief introduction to background selection, selection of non-coding DNA and codon usage and focus on the role of structural variants, such as transposable elements and chromosomal inversions, during the adaptive process. Finally, we discuss how genomic data helps to dissect neutral and adaptive evolutionary mechanisms that shape genetic and phenotypic variation in natural populations along environmental gradients. In summary, this book chapter serves as a starting point to Drosophila population genomics and provides an introduction to the system and an overview to data sources, important population genetic concepts and recent advances in the field.

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Section: Population Genetics Of Chromosomal Inversionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population Genomics on the Fly: Recent Advances in Drosophila

Haudry

Laurent

Kapun

2020

Methods in Molecular Biology

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“…Events such as dispersal to new habitats/areas or altered environmental conditions are followed in different Diptera species by changes in the frequencies and types of chromosomal rearrangements (Garcia & Valente, 2018). Unfortunately, the polytene chromosomes of B. antarctica have not been studied since the original publications, and the current state of the chromosomal polymorphism in different populations is unknown.…”

Section: Cytogenetic Traitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Belgica antarctica (Diptera: Chironomidae): A natural model organism for extreme environments

et al. 2021

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Belgica antarctica (Diptera: Chironomidae), a brachypterous midge endemic to the maritime Antarctic, was first described in 1900. Over more than a century of study, a vast amount of information has been compiled on the species (3 750 000 Google search results as of January 10, 2021), encompassing its ecology and biology, life cycle and reproduction, polytene chromosomes, physiology, biochemistry and, increasingly, omics. In 2014, B. antarctica's genome was sequenced, further boosting research. Certain developmental stages can be cultured successfully in the laboratory. Taken together, this wealth of information allows the species to be viewed as a natural model organism for studies of adaptation and function in extreme environments.

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“…Chromosomal inversion polymorphisms have been studied for a long time and are usually under some form of balanced selection (for detailed revisions see: Garcia & Valente, 2018;Hoffmann & Rieseberg, 2008;Powell, 1997). They allow insights on the action of natural selection in both natural and laboratory populations by monitoring inversion frequency shifts (Dobzhansky, 1947;Dobzhansky & Levene, 1948).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative analysis of adaptive and neutral markers ofDrosophila mediopunctatapopulations dispersed among forest fragments

Batista

Penha

Sofia

et al. 2018

Ecology and Evolution

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Comparison of adaptive and neutral genetic markers is a valuable approach to characterize the evolutionary consequences of populations living in environments threatened by anthropogenic disturbances, such as forest fragmentation. Shifts in allele frequencies, low genetic variability, and a small effective population size can be considered clear signs of forest fragmentation effects (due to genetic drift) over natural populations, while adaptive responses correlate with environmental variables. Brazilian Atlantic Forest had its landscape drastically reduced and fragmented. Now, several forest remnants are isolated from each other by urban and crop areas. We sampled Drosophila mediopunctata populations from eight forest remnants dispersed on two adjacent geomorphological regions, which are physiognomic and climatically quite distinct. Microsatellite data of inversion‐free chromosomes (neutral genetic marker) indicate low structuration among populations suggesting that they were panmictic and greatly influenced by gene flow. Moreover, significant differences in chromosomal inversion frequencies (adaptive genetic marker) among populations and their correlations with climatic and geographical variables indicate that genetic divergence among populations could be an adaptive response to their environment. Nonetheless, we observed a significant difference in inversion frequencies of a population in two consecutive years that may be associated with edge and demographic effects. Also, it may be reflecting seasonal changes of inversion frequencies influenced by great temperature variation due to edge effects. Moreover, the forest fragment size does not affect genetic variation of neutral markers. Our data indicate that despite oscillations in chromosomal inversion frequencies, D. mediopunctata populations from Brazilian Atlantic Forest and their divergence may be driven by adaptive factors to local differences, perhaps because it is a small flying insect easily carried by the wind increasing its migration rates.

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Drosophila Chromosomal Polymorphism: From Population Aspects to Origin Mechanisms of Inversions

Cited by 5 publications

References 93 publications

Population Genomics on the Fly: Recent Advances in Drosophila

Population Genomics on the Fly: Recent Advances in Drosophila

Belgica antarctica (Diptera: Chironomidae): A natural model organism for extreme environments

Comparative analysis of adaptive and neutral markers ofDrosophila mediopunctatapopulations dispersed among forest fragments

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