Drosophila and Galleria insect model hosts

Lionakis, Michail S.

doi:10.4161/viru.2.6.18520

Cited by 103 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…The greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera), is an established model for innate immunity [1]. A strikingly dark morph of this insect was discovered with a high natural resistance to fungal infection [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

More than a colour change: insect melanism, disease resistance and fecundity

et al. 2013

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A 'dark morph' melanic strain of the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella, was studied for its atypical, heightened resistance to infection with the entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana. We show that these insects exhibit multiple intraspecific immunity and physiological traits that distinguish them from a non-melanic, fungus-susceptible morph. The melanic and non-melanic morphs were geographical variants that had evolved different, independent defence strategies. Melanic morphs exhibit a thickened cuticle, higher basal expression of immunity-and stress-management-related genes, higher numbers of circulating haemocytes, upregulated cuticle phenoloxidase (PO) activity concomitant with conidial invasion, and an enhanced capacity to encapsulate fungal particles. These insects prioritize specific augmentations to those frontline defences that are most likely to encounter invading pathogens or to sustain damage. Other immune responses that target late-stage infection, such as haemolymph lysozyme and PO activities, do not contribute to fungal tolerance. The net effect is increased larval survival times, retarded cuticular fungal penetration and a lower propensity to develop haemolymph infections when challenged naturally (topically) and by injection. In the absence of fungal infection, however, the heavy defence investments made by melanic insects result in a lower biomass, decreased longevity and lower fecundity in comparison with their non-melanic counterparts. Although melanism is clearly correlated with increased fungal resistance, the costly mechanisms enabling this protective trait constitute more than just a colour change.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

More than a colour change: insect melanism, disease resistance and fecundity

et al. 2013

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“…21,22 In this context, the use of alternative animal models or "non-vertebrate mini-hosts" such as Galleria mellonella appears to be an option for studying fungal or bacterial disease. [23][24][25][26] The Galleria mellonella model is inexpensive to purchase and does not require specialized facilities for maintenance. The relatively large size of the larvae facilitates both the easy handling and injection of defined inoculums and the use of a large number of samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of virulence betweenParacoccidioides brasiliensisandParacoccidioides lutziiusingGalleria mellonellaas a host model

et al. 2015

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(2015) Comparison of virulence between Paracoccidioidesbrasiliensis and Paracoccidioideslutzii using Galleria mellonella as a host model, Virulence, 6:8, 766-776, DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2015 Keywords: adhesion, adhesin, gp43, Galleria mellonella, hemocyte, Paracoccidioides spp, virulenceParacoccidioidomycosis is a systemic mycosis, endemic in Latin America. The etiologic agents of this mycosis are composed of 2 species: Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and P. lutzii. Murine animal models are the gold standard for in vivo studies; however, ethical, economical and logistical considerations limit their use. Galleria mellonella is a suitable model for in vivo studies of fungal infections. In this study, we compared the virulence of P. brasiliensis and P. lutzii in G. mellonella model. The deaths of larvae infected with P. brasiliensis or P. lutzii were similar, and both species were able to reduce the number of hemocytes, which were estimated by microscopy and flow cytometer. Additionally, the phagocytosis percentage was similar for both species, but when we analyze hemocyte-Paracoccidioides spp. interaction using flow cytometer, P. lutzii showed higher interactions with hemocytes. The gene expression of gp43 as well as this protein was higher for P. lutzii, and this expression may contribute to a greater adherence to hemocytes. These results helped us evaluate the behavior of Paracoccidioides spp in G. mellonella, which is a convenient model for investigating the host-Paracoccidioides spp. interaction.

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“…Son yıllarda enfeksiyon hastalıklarının patogenezinin ortaya çıkarılmasında, memeli modelleri yanın-da kullanılmaya başlanan mini modellerden biridir. Kolay yetiştirilebildiği ve 28-30°C arasında yaşayabildiği için patojenitenin değerlendirilmesinde avantaj sağlar 4,5 . Galleria mellonella larvasında oluşturulmuş enfeksiyon modelleri ile ilgili literatür taraması yapıldı-ğında "pubmed" veri kayıtlarında toplam 187 adet makale bulunmuştur.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Using Galleria mellonella as an In Vivo Model to Study the Virulence of Some Bacterial and Fungal Agents

Kalkancı¹,

Fouad²,

Erdoğan³

et al. 2015

Mikrobiyol Bul

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* Bu çalışma, XXXVI. Türk Mikrobiyoloji Kongresi (12-16 Kasım 2014, Antalya) ÖZMum güvesi olarak bilinen Galleria mellonella gibi omurgasız canlılar, mikroorganizmaların virülansı-nın ve konak yanıtının araştırılmasında kullanılmaktadır. Bu canlılar ekonomik olmaları, etik kurul onayı gerektirmemeleri ve kolayca uygulama yapılabilmeleri nedeniyle avantajlıdır. Bu makalede, Galleria mellonella larvalarının bazı bakteri ve mantarlar ile enfekte edilmesiyle oluşturulan deneysel bir in vivo çalışma sunulmaktadır. Çalışmada, genişlemiş spektrumlu beta-laktamaz (GSBL) üreten ve üretmeyen Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae ve Pseudomonas aeruginosa klinik kökenleri ile kolistine dirençli ve duyarlı Acinetobacter baumanii klinik kökenleri; Candida albicans (ATCC 10231), Scedosporium aurantiacum (CBS 136047), Pseudallescheria boydii (CBS 117410) standart kökenleri, Aspergillus terreus ve Fusarium oxysporum klinik kökenleri kullanılmıştır. Bu bakteriler ve mantarlar ile enfekte edilen larvalarda mortalite oranları Kaplan-Meier grafi kleri kullanılarak hesaplanmıştır. Deneyin 16. saatinde mortalite oranı; GSBL üreten ve üretmeyen E.coli, GSBL üretmeyen K.pneumoniae ve GSBL üreten P.aeruginosa ile enfekte larvalarda %83; GSBL üreten K.pneumoniae ile enfekte larvalarda %91; GSBL üretmeyen P.aeruginosa ile enfekte larvalarda %75; kolistine dirençli ve duyarlı A.baumanii ile enfekte larvalarda %66 olarak bulunmuştur. Bakteriler ile enfekte edilen larvaların 24 saatteki mortalite oranları %100 olup, mantarlar ile enfekte edilen larvalardan daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Deneyin 16. saatinde mantarlar ile enfekte larvalar için mortalite oranları; C.albicans ve F.oxysporum için %0, S.aurantiacum için %16, P.boydii ve A.terreus için %8; 24. saatinde C.albicans ve P.boydii için %25, S.aurantiacum, A.terreus ve F.oxysporum için %33; 48.

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Drosophila and Galleria insect model hosts

Cited by 103 publications

References 96 publications

More than a colour change: insect melanism, disease resistance and fecundity

More than a colour change: insect melanism, disease resistance and fecundity

Comparison of virulence betweenParacoccidioides brasiliensisandParacoccidioides lutziiusingGalleria mellonellaas a host model

Using Galleria mellonella as an In Vivo Model to Study the Virulence of Some Bacterial and Fungal Agents

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