Drone Peers into Open Volcanic Vents

Turner, Nicolas R.; Houghton, Bruce; Taddeucci, Jacopo; Lieth, J. von der; Kueppers, Ullrich; Gaudin, Damien; Ricci, T.; Kim, Karl; Scalato, Piergiorgio

doi:10.1029/2017eo082751

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…This sensitivity analysis confirms the importance of the topographic model (Turner, Houghton, et al, ). The regular update of both DSMs and maps of paths of steepest descent can provide insights on the temporal evolution of the hazard of long‐lasting pāhoehoe lava flows, which, in combination with thermal maps, represent an improvement to the traditional use of the steepest descent approach.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…Pāhoehoe flows alter local topography and, through inflation, induce topographic inversions (Hamilton et al, ; Hon et al, ; Self et al, ; Turner, Houghton, et al, ; Walker, ). This process is clearly visible in our data set (e.g., features 1 and 4 in Figure ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over the past two decades, photogrammetry has been used in conjunction with other high‐resolution imaging techniques to characterize the evolution of lava flows in four dimensions. Measurement techniques include stereo‐imaging (James et al, , ; James & Robson, ) and structure‐from‐motion (SfM) photogrammetry from both manned and unmanned aerial vehicles (Farquharson et al, ; Favalli et al, ; Turner, Houghton, et al, ; Turner, Perroy, et al, ) using a range of different sensors. Optical and light detection and ranging (lidar) sensors allow construction of high‐resolution surface models to analyze the evolution of morphological parameters that capture the dynamics of flow emplacement (Behncke et al, ; Favalli et al, ; James et al, ; Kolzenburg et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Insights Into Pāhoehoe Lava Emplacement Using Visible and Thermal Structure‐From‐Motion Photogrammetry

et al. 2019

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We present the evolution over 3 months of a 2016–2017 pāhoehoe flow at Kīlauea as it changed from a narrow sheet flow into a compound lava field fed by a stable system of tubes. The portion of the flow located on Kīlauea's coastal plain was characterized using helicopter‐based visible and thermal structure‐from‐motion photogrammetry to construct a series of georeferenced digital surface models and thermal maps on eight different days. Results reveal key influences on the emplacement and evolution of such long‐lived pāhoehoe flows. This region of the flow grew by ~12 × 106 m3 with a near‐constant time‐average discharge rate of 1.2–2.7 m3/s. The development of two tube systems is captured and shows an initial nascent tube enhanced by a narrow topographic confinement, which later inflated and created a topographic inversion that modulated the emplacement of a second flow lobe with its own tube system. The analysis of breakouts at various stages of the field's life suggests that the evolution of the thermal and morphological properties of the flow surface reflect its maturity. Thermal properties of breakouts were used to expand the empirical relationship of breakout cooling to longer timescales. This study contributes to the long‐term development and validation of more accurate predictive models for pāhoehoe, required during the management of long‐lasting lava flow crises in Hawai'i and elsewhere.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Insights Into Pāhoehoe Lava Emplacement Using Visible and Thermal Structure‐From‐Motion Photogrammetry

et al. 2019

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“…Particle exit velocity, opening angle, and their dynamic evolution with time have been measured successfully [Dubosclard et al, 2004;Gouhier and Donnadieu, 2011;Taddeucci et al, 2012Taddeucci et al, , 2015Scharff et al, 2015], but the knowledge of source conditions stays uncertain. For this reason, we are investigating tube length (=conduit length or depth of magma surface), particle load (=erupted mass) [Gaudin et al, 2014], and vent geometry [Turner et al, 2017].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The dynamics of volcanic jets: Temporal evolution of particles exit velocity from shock‐tube experiments

et al. 2017

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Pyroclast ejection during explosive volcanic eruptions occurs under highly dynamic conditions involving great variations in flux, particle sizes, and velocities. This variability must be a direct consequence of complex interactions between physical and chemical parameters inside the volcanic plumbing system. The boundary conditions of such phenomena cannot be fully characterized via field observation and indirect measurements alone. In order to understand better eruptive processes, we conducted scaled and controlled laboratory experiments. By performing shock‐tube experiments at known conditions, we defined the influence of physical boundary conditions on the dynamics of pyroclast ejection. If applied to nature, we are focusing in the near‐vent processes where, independently of fragmentation mechanism, impulsively released gas‐pyroclast mixtures can be observed. These conditions can be met during, e.g., Strombolian or Vulcanian eruptions, parts of Plinian eruptions, or phreatomagmatic explosions. The following parameters were varied: (1) tube length, (2) vent geometry, (3) particle load, (4) temperature, and (5) particle size distribution. Gas and particles in the experiments are not coupled (St >> 1). The initial overpressure, with respect to atmosphere, was always at 15 MPa. We found a positive correlation of pyroclast ejection velocity with (1) particle load, (2) diverging vent walls, and (3) temperature as well as a negative correlation with (1) tube length and (2) particle size. Additionally, we found that particle load strongly affects the temporal evolution of particle ejection velocity. These findings stress the importance of scaled and repeatable laboratory experiments for a better understanding of volcanic phenomena and therefore volcanic hazard assessment.

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“…Such maps permit the study of feature characteristics and distribution, including the dimensions of bombs [e.g. Konagai et al 2016;Müller et al 2017;Turner et al 2017a]. 3-D topographic data allow detection of centimetre-to metre-scale topographic changes associated with ground deformation, accumulation of volcanic products and crater collapses, and quantification of the volumes involved ( Figure 10).…”

Section: Geological and Geomorphological Mappingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volcanological applications of unoccupied aircraft systems (UAS): Developments, strategies, and future challenges

James

Carr²,

D'Arcy³

et al. 2020

Volcanica

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Unoccupied aircraft systems (UAS) are developing into fundamental tools for tackling the grand challenges in volcanology; here, we review the systems used and their diverse applications. UAS can typically provide image and topographic data at two orders of magnitude better spatial resolution than space-based remote sensing, and close-range observations at temporal resolutions down to those of video frame rates. Responsive deployments facilitate dense time-series measurements, unique opportunities for geophysical surveys, sample collection from hostile environments such as volcanic plumes and crater lakes, and emergency deployment of ground-based sensors (and robots) into hazardous regions. UAS have already been used to support hazard management and decisionmakers during eruptive crises. As technologies advance, increased system capabilities, autonomy, and availabilitysupported by more diverse and lighter-weight sensors-will offer unparalleled potential for hazard monitoring. UAS are expected to provide opportunities for pivotal advances in our understanding of complex physical and chemical volcanic processes. Non-technical SummaryUnoccupied aircraft systems (UAS) are developing into essential tools for understanding and monitoring volcanoes. UAS can typically provide much more detailed imagery and 3-D maps of the Earth's surface, and more frequently, than satellites are able to. They can also make measurements and collect samples for geochemical analysis from hazardous regions such as volcanic plumes and near active vents. Through being quick to deploy, they offer key advantages during initial stages of volcano unrest as well as throughout eruptions. Data from UAS have already been used to support hazard management and decision-makers during crises. In the future, UAS will become increasingly capable of flying longer and more complex missions, more autonomously and with more sophisticated sensors, and are likely to become key components of broader sensor networks for monitoring and research.

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Drone Peers into Open Volcanic Vents

Abstract: An unmanned aerial vehicle provided the high-resolution data that allowed scientists to construct their first detailed map of erupting vents at Stromboli, one of the world’s most active volcanoes.

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Insights Into Pāhoehoe Lava Emplacement Using Visible and Thermal Structure‐From‐Motion Photogrammetry

Insights Into Pāhoehoe Lava Emplacement Using Visible and Thermal Structure‐From‐Motion Photogrammetry

The dynamics of volcanic jets: Temporal evolution of particles exit velocity from shock‐tube experiments

Volcanological applications of unoccupied aircraft systems (UAS): Developments, strategies, and future challenges

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