Driving Under the Influence of Marijuana Versus Driving and Dying Under the Influence of Marijuana: A Comparison of Blood Concentrations of Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol, 11-Hydroxy-Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol, 11-Nor-9-Carboxy-Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol and Other Cannabinoids in Arrested Drivers Versus Deceased Drivers

Lemos, Nikolas P.; Nicolas, Alexander C. San; Volk, Justin A.; Ingle, Eric A.; Williams, Chinyere M.

doi:10.1093/jat/bkv095

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…[1, 2] Potentially negative impacts include: a rise in intoxicated drivers and workers, an increase in cannabis use among adolescents, and negative health effects from chronic cannabis use. [3–7] Unlike alcohol consumption, which can be detected by monitoring the concentration of ethanol in the blood or breath, determination of cannabis intoxication is not as straightforward.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination of cannabinoid vapor pressures to aid in vapor phase detection of intoxication

Lovestead

Bruno

2017

Forensic Chemistry

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The quest for a reliable means to detect cannabis intoxication with a breathalyzer is ongoing. To design such a device, it is important to understand the fundamental thermodynamics of the compounds of interest. The vapor pressures of two important cannabinoids, cannabidiol (CBD) and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), are presented, as well as the predicted normal boiling temperature (NBT) and the predicted critical constants (these predictions are dependent on the vapor pressure data). The critical constants are typically necessary to develop an equation of state (EOS). EOS-based models can provide estimations of thermophysical properties for compounds to aid in designing processes and devices. An ultra-sensitive, quantitative, trace dynamic headspace analysis sampling called porous layered open tubular-cryoadsorption (PLOT-cryo) was used to measure vapor pressures of these compounds. PLOT-cryo affords short experiment durations compared to more traditional techniques for vapor pressure determination (minutes versus days). Additionally, PLOT-cryo has the inherent ability to stabilize labile solutes because collection is done at reduced temperature. The measured vapor pressures are approximately 2 orders of magnitude lower than those measured for n-eicosane, which has a similar molecular mass. Thus, the difference in polarity of these molecules must be impacting the vapor pressure dramatically. The vapor pressure measurements are presented in the form of Clausius-Clapeyron (or van’t Hoff) equation plots. The predicted vapor pressures that would be expected at near ambient conditions (25 °C) are also presented.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most common methods for determining cannabis usage detect Δ 9 -THC. [6, 7, 12–21] Devices that detect Δ 9 -THC in the breath are currently being developed and have many advantages. Breath sampling is attractive because it is non-invasive, can be portable, and has been shown to indicate recent use within 0.5 hours to 2 hours.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%