A review of drug abuse in recently reported cases of driving under the influence of drugs (DUID) in Asia, USA, and Europe

Kwon, Nam ji; Han, Eunyoung

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.06.012

Cited by 31 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…The increased accident risk when driving with the presence of other drugs is well known. This finding is consistent with polysubstance use observed when assessing confirmed tests for opioids and cannabis in the same period in Spain [ 13 , 14 ] and worldwide [ 2 , 4 , 16 , 17 , 18 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Positivity to Cocaine and/or Benzoylecgonine in Confirmation Analyses for On-Road Tests in Spain

Herrera‐Gómez

Gutiérrez-Abejón

García-Mingo

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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We are using real-life data in order to determine the prevalence of driving with the presence of cocaine and/or benzoylecgonine (BZE), their concentrations, and their use in combination with other drugs. This study assessed data on Spanish drivers with confirmed drug-positive results recorded by the Spanish National Traffic Agency from 2011–2016. Frequencies of positivity for cocaine and/or BZE and concentration of such substances were obtained. Comparisons and univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed. Drivers who tested positive for cocaine and/or BZE accounted for 48.59% of the total positive results for drugs. In positive cases for both cocaine and BZE, other substances were detected in 81.74%: delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) (68.19%), opioids (20.78%) and amphetamine-like substances (16.76%). In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, the frequency of cocaine and/or BZE positive cases decreased with age (OR:0.97) and were less likely among women (OR:0.63). Concentrations (ng/mL) of cocaine (249.30) and BZE (137.90) were higher when both substances were detected together than when detected alone. Positivity to cocaine represented an important proportion among Spanish drivers who tested positive for drugs, and polysubstance use was especially observed in more than 8 out of 10 positive cases for cocaine and/or BZE.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Positivity to Cocaine and/or Benzoylecgonine in Confirmation Analyses for On-Road Tests in Spain

Herrera‐Gómez

Gutiérrez-Abejón

García-Mingo

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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“…In addition, there is an increase in khat consumption among children and women [24,25]. Recent reports showing the spread of khat use among immigrants from the aforementioned countries to other countries Europe, Australia, Canada, and the USA [14,26,27]. Moreover, khat use has been observed among host western teenagers [14].…”

Section: Prevalence and Legal Status Of Khatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Khat Chewing and Lipid Profile in Human and Experimental Animals

Al-Duais

Al-Awthan

2021

BioMed Research International

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Background. Catha edulis, also known as khat or qat, is a plant that grows in East Africa and southern Arabia. Several millions of people chew the leaves and twigs of khat plant for their central stimulating amphetamine-like effects. Khat chewing is becoming more common in Europe and the United States, owing to worldwide migration. Objective. This review examines the khat ingredients, global prevalence, and legal status as well as its effects on lipid profile. Methodology. A literature search was performed using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar to collect information within articles published up to April 2021 with the goal of identifying relevant studies. The proposed mechanisms of cathinone effects on total cholesterol and triglyceride were also discussed. Conclusion. The khat chewing habit is considered as a serious economic and health issue that needs specialized programs to assist those people to quit or reducing this habit.

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“…Cannabis, cocaine, opiates, along with amphetamine and its derivatives are common drugs of abuse that have increasingly been detected in the blood/urine samples of drivers [1]. Consequently, it is a necessity to develop efficient and reliable on-site tests to identify users under the influence of these illicit drugs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Sensitivity Immunochromatographic Test for Detection of Illicit Drugs in Oral Fluid: A Fight Against Drugs of Abuse

Hanci

Görgün

Fidan

et al. 2021

Journal of Basic and Clinical Health Sciences

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Illicit drug use poses a great threat to the integrity of our society and can lead to major problems such as traffic and workplace accidents, homicides, theft, terrorism mongering and suicide to name a few. Among the variety of commonly used drugs-of-abuse, cannabis, cocaine, opiates, amphetamine and its derivatives have been the most reported. Oral fluid drug testing has been gaining interest as an accurate screening method for the detection of illicit drugs in suspects under influence. In this study, the accuracy of NARCOTEC oral fluid drug-detection system was evaluated in comparison with the cutoff values. Methods: A handheld device (NARCOTEC version 01.02, Morpho Biotec Limited, London, UK), NARCOTEC test, was used to interpret a total of seven illegal drugs (benzodiazepines, benzodiazepines, opiates, methamphetamine / MDMA, amphetamine, ∆9-THC and cocaine) test results. For the positive control tests, the cassettes were opened and 80 µL of each positive control solution was pipetted onto the appropriate sample pad lane and allowed 3-5 mins to migrate to the end of the nitrocellulose membrane before the cassettes were read by the handheld device. For the negative control tests, the negative control solutions were pipetted at 80 µL to each of the three lanes without any distinction and allowed 3-5 mins to flow before the cassettes were read by the handheld device (Figure 2). 40 positive and 40 negative control tests were performed and read by the handheld device. Finally, the accuracy of the analysis for each analyte was determined. Results and conclusion: Positive and negative control samples were each assayed in 40 different replicates. Among the 80 tests, only BZD yielded one false-negative result within the positive control samples. In this study, NARCOTEC drug detection system was able to detect seven illicit drugs (benzodiazepines, opiates, methamphetamine/MDMA, amphetamine, ∆9-THC and cocaine) with a 99% accuracy and within as little as 5 min. This indicates that NARCOTEC can be safely used for point-of-care drug tests including roadside tests, forensics screening, workplaces, immigration offices, air controllers, pilots and travel ports.

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A review of drug abuse in recently reported cases of driving under the influence of drugs (DUID) in Asia, USA, and Europe

Cited by 31 publications

References 55 publications

Positivity to Cocaine and/or Benzoylecgonine in Confirmation Analyses for On-Road Tests in Spain

Positivity to Cocaine and/or Benzoylecgonine in Confirmation Analyses for On-Road Tests in Spain

Khat Chewing and Lipid Profile in Human and Experimental Animals

High Sensitivity Immunochromatographic Test for Detection of Illicit Drugs in Oral Fluid: A Fight Against Drugs of Abuse

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