“…Proposed designs were analysed to determine different types of route descriptors and information elements used by drivers/navigators, based on a taxonomy originally presented by Lynch (24) , later developed by Down and Stea (25) and more recently by Burnett (26) . This categorisation schemealso successfully employed in other navigation-related research (27), (28) distinguishes navigational information elements based on their association with direction (ego, local or world), distance (absolute, relative or cost-based), path (road: class, geometry, lanes, roadrules, prior turns), node (junction: angle, type), landmarks (name, descriptor, locator, reference) and road signs (place name, road number, road name) (see (26) , for further information). Results are presented and discussed under the following themes, informed by the Burnett taxonomy (26) , which emerged during analysis:…”