Driver and road characteristics associated with child pedestrian injuries

Fridman, Liraz; Pitt, Tona; Rothman, Linda; Howard, Andrew; Hagel, Brent

doi:10.1016/j.aap.2019.07.007

Cited by 19 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The main problem of this approach was the estimation of children's age because the age was estimated from the recorded material. Children were recorded at crosswalks near primary schools, as analyses of locations where most traffic accidents involving children happen pointed to mixed-used zones [15,16,18,24,25] and intersections as critical points in the urban road network where children pedestrian safety is considered [18,19,21]. Altogether more than 900 children were observed, around 300 in every city, aged from 5 to 16, and 300 measurements in every city were selected for the analyses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Analyses of locations at which most of the traffic accidents involving children pedestrians occur show that nearly 35% of accidents involving school-aged children occurred at intersections or so-called "buffer zones" around schools [18]. The data base of 793 accidents involving children pedestrians analyzed in Canada showed that 65.1% of all traffic accidents involving children happened at intersections and 22% of all accidents on intersections with traffic lights, while 20% happened on non-signalized midblock crosswalks, mainly during daylight (72.6%) and in dry pavement surface conditions (70.1%) [19]. A similar study done in the USA on the basis of data from six cities suggests that children pedestrian fatality rates are significantly higher in areas around a school or parks rather than in other locations [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The limit for "safe behavior" of children in traffic is stated to be 15 years of age, and boys in childhood, including teenagers, exhibit a higher proportion of risky behavior than girls. Existing research also points to the need for additional interventions to improve the safety of children in certain parts of the city's transportation network: in residential and mixed-use zones [15,16,18,24,25] at intersections and/or at pedestrian crosswalks [18,19,21] and expectedly near schools and parks where children move around regularly and very often independently [20,21]. What can be also concluded is that studies selected in this review from different regions globally (USA, Canada, China, Estonia, Israel) pointed some common, but also many different, parameters that influence children's traffic behavior.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative Analyses of Parameters Influencing Children Pedestrian Behavior in Conflict Zones of Urban Intersections

Deluka-Tibljaš

Otković

Campisi

et al. 2021

Safety

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Children pedestrians make up 30% of the total number of children injured in road traffic in the EU. Research shows that children are injured more often in the urban areas, in residential areas near schools and parks, often at intersections and pedestrian crossings. In this study, children’s traffic behavior was analyzed by observation of signalized pedestrian crosswalks. According to the same methodology, the research was conducted in three cities in two countries (Enna, Italy, Osijek and Rijeka, Croatia) with different urban and traffic characteristics. A total of 900 measurements were analyzed, 300 in each of the cities at 18 pedestrian crosswalks located in an urban setting in the vicinity of primary schools. A detailed statistical analysis of the influence parameters shows that, as general influence parameters, pedestrian crosswalk length, movement in a group and the age of children can be distinguished. Factors that have proven to have a significant influence on the movement of children in two of the three cities observed are gender, supervision by adults, running and cellphone use. The result can serve as a valuable input for interventions in traffic education as well as a basis for the improvement of traffic conditions at intersections where children are regularly present.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Comparative Analyses of Parameters Influencing Children Pedestrian Behavior in Conflict Zones of Urban Intersections

Deluka-Tibljaš

Otković

Campisi

et al. 2021

Safety

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…When analyzing the locations within the city road network where children mostly get injured, these are areas and corridors where children regularly move: in residential and mixed-use zones [39][40][41][42], at intersections and/or at pedestrian crosswalks [22,[42][43][44][45] and near schools and parks [46].…”

Section: The Influence Of Child-pedestrian Gender On Their Traffic Sa...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Child-Pedestrian Traffic Safety at Crosswalks—Literature Review

et al. 2022

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Child pedestrians make up 30% of the total number of children injured in road traffic in the EU. They are a particularly vulnerable subgroup because they exhibit specific traffic behavior related to cognitive and physical development, sociodemographic characteristics, and environmental conditions. This paper provides an overview of research of parameters that affect the safety of children in the conflict zones of the intersection—crosswalks. The overview was undertaken targeting available research mostly conducted in the last 10 years all over the world, related to the identification of parameters that affect the safety of child-pedestrians, and models developed for the prediction of pedestrian and child-pedestrian behavior. Research conducted on various urban networks provides insight into locally and more widely applicable impact parameters connected to child characteristics and infrastructural and traffic elements, but also distractors (e.g., electronic devices) as new phenomena influencing children’s road safety. A review of pedestrian behavior-prediction models suggests that models are being developed for the general population, and models for children’s behavior, with specific parameters, are missing. For further research, more detailed analysis of the impact of distractors and of COVID–19 pandemic non-mobility, as well as an analysis of possible infrastructural solutions to increase children’s road traffic safety, is suggested.

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“…Child Pedestrian injury is a multi-faceted problem with many contributory factors such as driver characteristics [6], vehicle features [7,8], road configuration [9,10], environmental [11], built-environment [12], and socio-economic and ethnic features [13][14][15][16][17][18]. In addition to these factors, there are geographical and temporal variations influenced by place-and time-specific factors and interventions such as reduced vehicles circulations around schools, implementation of 20 mph speed limit zones, school walking bus, School Street schemes, among the others.…”

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confidence: 99%

A decade of child pedestrian safety in England: a bayesian spatio-temporal analysis

2023

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Background Child pedestrian injury is a public health and health equality challenge worldwide, including in high-income countries. However, child pedestrian safety is less-understood, especially over long time spans. The intent of this study is to understand factors affecting child pedestrian safety in England over the period 2011–2020. Methods We conducted an area-level study using a Bayesian space-time interaction model to understand the association between the number of road crashes involving child pedestrians in English Local Authorities and a host of socio-economic, transport-related and built-environment variables. We investigated spatio-temporal trends in child pedestrian safety in England over the study period and identified high-crash local authorities. Results We found that child pedestrian crash frequencies increase as child population, unemployment-related claimants, road density, and the number of schools increase. Nevertheless, as the number of licensed vehicles per capita and zonal-level walking/cycling increase, child pedestrian safety increases. Generally, child pedestrian safety has improved in England since 2011. However, the socio-economic inequality gap in child pedestrian safety has not narrowed down. In addition, we found that after adjusting for the effect of covariates, the rate of decline in crashes varies between local authorities. The presence of localised risk factors/mitigation measures contributes to variation in the spatio-temporal patterns of child pedestrian safety. Conclusions Overall, southern England has experienced more improvement in child pedestrian safety over the last decade than the northern regions. Our study revealed socio-economic inequality in child pedestrian safety in England. To better inform safety and public health policy, our findings support the importance of a targeted system approach, considering the identification of high-crash areas while keeping track of how child pedestrian safety evolves over time.

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Driver and road characteristics associated with child pedestrian injuries

Cited by 19 publications

References 18 publications

Comparative Analyses of Parameters Influencing Children Pedestrian Behavior in Conflict Zones of Urban Intersections

Comparative Analyses of Parameters Influencing Children Pedestrian Behavior in Conflict Zones of Urban Intersections

Child-Pedestrian Traffic Safety at Crosswalks—Literature Review

A decade of child pedestrian safety in England: a bayesian spatio-temporal analysis

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