Drinking Water Disinfection By-Product Exposure and Fetal Growth

Hoffman, Caroline S.; Mendola, Pauline; Savitz, David A.; Herring, Amy H.; Loomis, Dana; Hartmann, Katherine E.; Singer, Philip C.; Weinberg, Howard S.; Olshan, Andrew F.

doi:10.1097/ede.0b013e3181812bd4

Cited by 80 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…While many studies pointed towards an association with low birth weight, the evidence was considered inconclusive. Since then, a number of studies using careful individual exposure assessment have been conducted in areas with significant exposure to THMs [70][71][72]73•, 74•]. Overall, there was no observed increase in the risk of small-for-gestational-age (SGA) neonates.…”

Section: Fetal Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of Disinfection By-products and Associated Health Effects

Villanueva

Cordier²,

Font-Ribera

et al. 2015

Curr Envir Health Rpt

223

124

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The presence of chemical compounds formed as disinfection by-products (DBPs) is widespread in developed countries, and virtually whole populations are exposed to these chemicals through ingestion, inhalation, or dermal absorption from drinking water and swimming pools. Epidemiological evidence has shown a consistent association between long-term exposure to trihalomethanes and the risk of bladder cancer, although the causal nature of the association is not conclusive. Evidence concerning other cancer sites is insufficient or mixed. Numerous studies have evaluated reproductive implications, including sperm quality, time to pregnancy, menstrual cycle, and pregnancy outcomes such as fetal loss, fetal growth, preterm delivery, and congenital malformation. The body of evidence suggests only minor effects from high exposure during pregnancy on fetal growth indices such as small for gestational age (SGA) at birth. Populations highly exposed to swimming pools such as pool workers and professional swimmers show a higher prevalence of respiratory symptoms and asthma, respectively, although the direction of the association, and thus causality, is not clear among professional swimmers. The risk of asthma, wheezing, eczema, and other respiratory outcomes among children attending swimming pools has been the object of extensive research. Early studies suggested a positive association, while subsequent larger studies found no correlations or showed a protective association. Future research should develop methods to evaluate the effects of the DBP mixture and the interaction with personal characteristics (e.g., genetics, lifestyle), clarify the association between swimming pools and respiratory health, evaluate the occurrence of DBPs in lowand middle-income countries, and evaluate outcomes suggested by animal studies that have not been considered in epidemiological investigations.

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Section: Fetal Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of Disinfection By-products and Associated Health Effects

Villanueva

Cordier²,

Font-Ribera

et al. 2015

Curr Envir Health Rpt

223

124

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…While previous studies have relied on information provided through hospital records to estimate GA (which is prone to substantial error), in our case, self-reported last menstrual period was collected from participants during the first trimester of pregnancy (when recall is more accurate) and were corrected based on the first ultrasound scan [12]. Furthermore, this is one of the few studies that prospectively investigated into the relationship between active smoking with SGA based on length and head circumference at birth and the only study to our knowledge to investigate on the role of smoking cessation early during pregnancy on head circumference, SGA_hc and FGR_hc.…”

Section: Study Limitations and Strengthsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking and smoking cessation during early pregnancy and its effect on adverse pregnancy outcomes and fetal growth

et al. 2009

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Maternal smoking during pregnancy is a significant threat to the fetus. We examined the association between active maternal smoking and smoking cessation during early pregnancy with newborn somatometrics and adverse pregnancy outcomes including preterm delivery, low birth weight, and fetal growth restriction. One thousand four hundred mother-child pairs with extensive questionnaire data were followed up until delivery, within the context of a population-based mother-child cohort study (Rhea study), in Crete, Greece, 2007-2008. Comparing smokers to nonsmokers, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) was 2.8 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.7, 4.6] for low birth weight and 2.6 (95%CI: 1.6, 4.2) for fetal growth restriction. This corresponded to a 119-g reduction in birth weight, a 0.53-cm reduction in length, and a 0.35-cm reduction in head circumference. Smoking cessation early during pregnancy modified significantly these pregnancy outcomes indicating the necessity for primary smoking prevention.

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“…However, since the 1970s when scientists observed the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) during drinking water treatment and recognized their carcinogenic potential [Bellare et al, 1974;Rook, 1974], many studies have investigated the formation, occurrence, and health effects of DBPs. So far, over 600 kinds of DBPs have been identified [Richardson et al, 2007] and many of these are associated with cancers [IARC, 1995[IARC, , 2004Cantor et al, 2006;Bove et al, 2007;Villanueva et al, 2007], adverse pregnancy outcomes [Lewis et al, 2006[Lewis et al, , 2007Chisholm et al, 2008;Hoffman et al, 2008;Nieuwenhuijsen et al, 2008], and impaired male reproductive health [Fenster et al, 2003;Luben et al, 2007]. Potential human health risk of drinking water disinfection is now of great concern because of the daily and life-long exposure to DBPs in drinking water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA damage and oxidative stress in human liver cell L‐02 caused by surface water extracts during drinking water treatment in a waterworks in China

Xie

Liu

Chen

et al. 2009

Environ and Mol Mutagen

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Because of the daily and life-long exposure to disinfection by-products formed during drinking water treatment, potential adverse human health risk of drinking water disinfection is of great concern. Toxicological studies have shown that drinking water treatment increases the genotoxicity of surface water. Drinking water treatment is comprised of different potabilization steps, which greatly influence the levels of genotoxic products in the surface water and thus may alter the toxicity and genotoxicity of surface water. The aim of the present study was to understand the influence of specific steps on toxicity and genotoxicity during the treatment of surface water in a water treatment plant using liquid chlorine as the disinfectant in China. An integrated approach of the comet and oxidative stress assays was used in the study, and the results showed that both the prechlorination and postchlorination steps increased DNA damage and oxidative stress caused by water extracts in human derived L-02 cells while the tube settling and filtration steps had the opposite effect. This research also highlighted the usefulness of an integrated approach of the comet and oxidative stress assays in evaluating the genotoxicity of surface water during drinking water treatment.

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Drinking Water Disinfection By-Product Exposure and Fetal Growth

Abstract: Our results do not suggest an adverse effect of haloacetic acid or total organic halide exposure on fetal growth. An association of TTHM with SGA was seen only for average residential concentrations above the current regulatory standard.

Cited by 80 publications

References 33 publications

Overview of Disinfection By-products and Associated Health Effects

Overview of Disinfection By-products and Associated Health Effects

Smoking and smoking cessation during early pregnancy and its effect on adverse pregnancy outcomes and fetal growth

DNA damage and oxidative stress in human liver cell L‐02 caused by surface water extracts during drinking water treatment in a waterworks in China

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