DNA damage and oxidative stress in human liver cell L‐02 caused by surface water extracts during drinking water treatment in a waterworks in China

Abstract

Because of the daily and life-long exposure to disinfection by-products formed during drinking water treatment, potential adverse human health risk of drinking water disinfection is of great concern. Toxicological studies have shown that drinking water treatment increases the genotoxicity of surface water. Drinking water treatment is comprised of different potabilization steps, which greatly influence the levels of genotoxic products in the surface water and thus may alter the toxicity and genotoxicity of surface water. The aim of the present study was to understand the influence of specific steps on toxicity and genotoxicity during the treatment of surface water in a water treatment plant using liquid chlorine as the disinfectant in China. An integrated approach of the comet and oxidative stress assays was used in the study, and the results showed that both the prechlorination and postchlorination steps increased DNA damage and oxidative stress caused by water extracts in human derived L-02 cells while the tube settling and filtration steps had the opposite effect. This research also highlighted the usefulness of an integrated approach of the comet and oxidative stress assays in evaluating the genotoxicity of surface water during drinking water treatment.

Evaluation of genotoxic effects caused by extracts of chlorinated drinking water using a combination of three different bioassays

“…The comet assay and SOS/umu test are generally used to detect the DNAdamage effects of various compounds and complex water samples [22,25,32]. In previous studies using the comet assay, the extracts of raw water and chlorinated drinking water from Hanjiang River induced the DNA-damage effects [17,28]. In the present study, the results of SOS/umu test showed that all water samples in two different sampling times induced the DNA-damage effects, which were consistent with previous studies.…”

“…Water extracts were prepared using solid-phase extraction that has been described in detail in our previous study [28]. In brief, water samples were extracted using Amberlite XAD-2 resins that were pre-cleaned with methanol, hexane, acetone, and dichloromethane.…”

Antioxidants as potential medical countermeasures for chemical warfare agents and toxic industrial chemicals

“…The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has categorized formaldehyde as a leukemogenic agent[57]. Formaldehyde is capable of cross-linking DNA as well as proteins on their amino groups[57].…”

A Density Functional Theory Study of Antioxidant Activity of Isothiocyanates in Broccoli Sprouts (Brassica Oleracea L.)

“…These organosulfur compounds are commonly constituted of one isothiocyanate (-N=C=S) moiety. ITCs have particularly received great attention because they show health promoting properties such as anticancer, antioxidant as well as induction of phase 2 detoxifying enzymes [4]. Several works in literature dedicated to identify and evaluate experimentally the antioxidant potential of ITCs available in different natural products such as Emeraude cauliflower [5].…”