Drawing Causal Inferences Using Propensity Scores: A Practical Guide for Community Psychologists

Lanza, Stephanie T.; Moore, Julia E.; Butera, Nicole M.

doi:10.1007/s10464-013-9604-4

Cited by 95 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(54 reference statements)

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“…A confounder is a variable that predicts both the treatment and the outcome, and therefore may impair the ability to make causal inferences about the effect (Lanza et al 2013). A propensity score is a statistical tool that allows researchers to make more accurate causal inferences by balancing nonequivalent groups that may result from using a non-randomized design.…”

Section: R a F Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel case-control observational method for assessing effectiveness of red-light cameras

et al. 2017

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A B S T R A C TConventional methods for estimating the effect of an intervention suffer from selection bias, where the units that receive the treatment have different characteristics from those in the control group. This paper proposes a novel method that provides a specific criterion for selecting the control group. The method, called propensity score matching (PSM), was applied to the evaluation of red-light cameras (RLC) and its performance was compared with conventional cross-sectional and empirical Bayes methods. The application was performed using field data from the City of Ottawa involving 30 RLC intersections and 89 non-camera intersections observed for a period of 15 years. All three methods yielded fairly consistent results indicating an increase in property damage collisions and a decrease in injury and fatal collisions.Given the strong theoretical basis of the PSM method and its ability to produce a more stable and reliable estimator, the method is recommended as a viable alternative to the conventional methods.

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Section: R a F Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel case-control observational method for assessing effectiveness of red-light cameras

et al. 2017

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“…In practice, propensity scores are typically estimated using logistic (e.g., Lanza, Moore, & Butera, 2013), probit (e.g., Lalani et al, 2010), or multiple binomial logistic regression models (e.g., Slade et al, 2008) in which the group membership is the dependent variable predicted by the selection variables in the dataset (Caliendo & Kopeinig, 2008;. The logistic regression model, as proposed by Cox (1970), has been the most commonly employed technique in propensity score calculations (Rosenbaum & Rubin, 1985).…”

Section: Propensity Score Matchingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternatives to Randomized Control Trials: A Review of Three Quasi-experimental Designs for Causal Inference

Panko

Curtis

Gorrall

et al. 2015

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Abstract. The Randomized Control Trial (RCT) design is typically seen as the gold standard in psychological research. As it is not always possible to conform to RCT specifications, many studies are conducted in the quasi-experimental framework. Although quasi-experimental designs are considered less preferable to RCTs, with guidance they can produce inferences which are just as valid. In this paper, the authors present 3 quasi-experimental designs which are viable alternatives to RCT designs. These designs are Regression Point Displacement (RPD), Regression Discontinuity (RD), and Propensity Score Matching (PSM). Additionally, the authors outline several notable methodological improvements to use with these designs.Keywords. Psychometrics, Quasi-Experimental Design, Regression Point Displacement, Regression Discontinuity, Propensity Score Matching.Resumen. Los diseños de Pruebas Controladas Aleatorizadas (PCA) son típicamente vistas como el mejor diseño en la investigación en psicología. Como tal, no es siempre posible cumplir con las especificaciones de las PCA y por ello muchos estudios son realizados en un marco cuasi experimental. Aunque los diseños cuasi experimentales son considerados menos convenientes que los diseños PCA, con directrices estos pueden producir inferencias igualmente válidas. En este artículo presentamos tres diseños cuasi experimentales que son formas alternativas a los diseños PCA. Estos diseños son Regresión de Punto de Desplazamiento (RPD), Regresión Discontinua (RD), Pareamiento por Puntaje de Propensión (PPP). Adicionalmente, describimos varias mejorías metodológicas para usar con este tipo de diseños.

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“…There are four steps in utilizing PSM: estimating the propensity score, matching individuals, checking for balance, estimating the treatment effect (Lanza, Moore, & Butera, 2013). Even though attending one or two years of HS is not exactly a treatment that includes an intervention, it will be defined as such for the purpose of the PSM analyses.…”

Section: Propensity Score Matching (Psm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even though the propensity score matching method greatly reduces selection bias, resulting in increased internal validity, it does reduce external validity (Lanza et al, 2013). Furthermore, the study did not include the use of sample weights to recreate a nationally representative sample in the OLS estimations.…”

Section: Limitations and Directions For Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are four steps in utilizing PSM: estimate the propensity score, matching, check for balance, estimate the treatment effect (Lanza, Moore, & Butera, 2013). For the first step I will use logistic regression for predicting the propensity of selecting into treatment (T i ) as a function of the chosen set of covariates (X) and generating a p score for each individual (p i ), where .…”

Section: Ordinary-least-squares (Ols)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Role of Dosage and Quality of Head Start Experiences in the Development of Self-Regulation

Hurtado¹

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The present study examined how dosage and quality of preschool experiences in Head Start (HS) are associated with cognitive and behavioral self-regulation skills in kindergarten. The study included 2,383 children from the Head Start Family and Children Experiences Survey (2009). Using multiple regression (OLS), with multiple imputation methods to address missing data, and propensity score matching to address selection bias, this study examined how the number of hours a week in HS, absenteeism, and number of years (starting at 3-years of age versus at 4-years of age) was related to self-regulation.The study also examined how the quality of classroom experiences, conceptualized as domain-general and domain-specific aspects of teacher-child interactions, was related to self-regulation; and how the quality of teacher-child interactions moderated the relation between dosage and self-regulation. There we two main findings. First, an additional year in HS was the only form of dosage that was significantly associated to self-regulation in kindergarten. Children that attended one more year of HS scored 0.30 points higher on the cognitive self-regulation measure and were scored 0.32 standard deviations higher in behavioral self-regulation, as reported their teachers in kindergarten. Second, quality of domain-general of teacher-child interactions (Responsive Teaching) moderated the relation between hours a week in HS and cognitive self-regulation. In other words, children who participated in classrooms with higher-quality of teacher-child interactions benefited the most from more hours a week in HS. Findings from this study contribute to the growing body of evidence about how dosage and quality of early childhood education experiences relate to child development. Results support the importance of the investment in early childhood education amount and quality for the development of self-regulation.

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Drawing Causal Inferences Using Propensity Scores: A Practical Guide for Community Psychologists

Cited by 95 publications

References 37 publications

Novel case-control observational method for assessing effectiveness of red-light cameras

Novel case-control observational method for assessing effectiveness of red-light cameras

Alternatives to Randomized Control Trials: A Review of Three Quasi-experimental Designs for Causal Inference

The Role of Dosage and Quality of Head Start Experiences in the Development of Self-Regulation

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