Drawbacks of applying nanofiltration and how to avoid them: A review

Bruggen, Bart Van der; Mänttäri, Mika; Nyström, Marianne

doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2008.05.010

Cited by 760 publications

(312 citation statements)

References 174 publications

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“…In addition, when the cumulative amount of deposited colloids increases, the hydraulic resistance of feedwater to flow through the compressed fouling layer would significantly increase and subsequently yields a high value of fouling index [20]. Moreover, the fouling behaviour is often accelerated when the load of particles deposited on membrane increases with filtration time [18], [21], [22]. Similar proportional trends are observed for the foulants of 22 nm colloidal silica and Aldrich humic acid (not shown in article).…”

Section: A Crossflow Hydrodynamicsupporting

confidence: 59%

Experimental Investigation on Performance of Fouling Prediction Devices for NF/RO System

Koo¹,

Mohammad²,

Suja'³

2015

IJCEA

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Abstract-The performance of fouling prediction devices (i.e. modified fouling index and crossflow sampler-modified fouling index) operating under constant flux mode for reverse osmosis (RO)/nanofiltration (NF) filtration system was investigated experimentally. The effect of crossflow hydrodynamic, foulant concentration, foulant particle sizes, and membrane resistance were investigated correspond to MFI const.flux . Three types of foulants (i.e. 70-100 nm colloidal silica, 22 nm colloidal silica, Aldrich humic acid) were adopted. The results showed that the MFI const.flux values were higher than CFS-MFI const.flux, particularly for high polydispersed foulants (i.e. 70-100 nm colloidal silica and Aldrich humic acid). The MFI const.flux values were consistently increased with increasing foulant concentration and membrane resistance. Higher values of MFI const.flux were observed for polydispersed foulant (i.e. 70-100 nm colloidal silica) than monodispersed foulant (i.e. 22 nm colloidal silica). This study yielded useful insights in understanding the crossflow effect, foulant concentration, foulant particle sizes, and membrane resistance on the RO/NF fouling potential.

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Section: A Crossflow Hydrodynamicsupporting

confidence: 59%

Experimental Investigation on Performance of Fouling Prediction Devices for NF/RO System

Koo¹,

Mohammad²,

Suja'³

2015

IJCEA

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“…Although NF/RO membrane processes can remove most TrOC reliably by steric hindrance (size exclusion), adsorption and/or electrostatic interaction (charge exclusion), TrOC removal in full-scale applications can be affected by inevitable membrane fouling (caused by deposition of organic and inorganic matter and/or the formation of biofilms) which necessitates periodic chemical cleaning [8][9][10]. However, to date, little is known about the impact of chemical cleaning on the rejection of TrOC by NF/RO membranes [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of caustic cleaning on pore size of nanofiltration membranes and their rejection of trace organic chemicals

Simon

McDonald

Khan

et al. 2013

Journal of Membrane Science

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The aim of this study was to assess the impact of caustic cleaning on the rejection of three different trace organic chemical (TrOC) groups (i.e. neutral hydrophilic, neutral hydrophobic and negatively charged) by two nanofiltration (NF) membranes -namely NF270 and NF90. Chemical cleaning was simulated by exposing virgin membrane samples to commercial caustic cleaning formulations as well as sodium hydroxide solutions containing analytical grade additives such as sodium dodecyl sulfate or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. The membrane average pore size before and after exposure to a commercially available caustic cleaning formulation was determined based on the pore transport model. The results show that caustic chemical cleaning could cause an increase in the membrane pore size, leading to an increase in permeability and decrease in rejection of conductivity. The impact of caustic cleaning on the pore size and solute rejection was a function of the membrane active skin layer and the chemistry of the cleaning formulation. Caustic cleaning led to a small increase in pore size of the NF270 membrane and resulted in a notable increase in the permeability and salt passage. By contrast, the impact on the NF90 membrane was negligible. The influence of caustic cleaning on TrOC rejection was dependent on physical characteristics of each TrOC including their molecular size, charge, and hydrophobicity. The rejection of neutral and hydrophobic TrOC by the NF270 membrane decreased significantly after exposure to caustic cleaning formulation. However, because the rejection of negatively charged TrOC is governed mostly by electrostatic interaction, their rejection was not significantly affected by caustic cleaning.

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“…One of the existing problems for MBR-NF process is the treatment of NF concentrate with a great deal of recalcitrant contaminants, and researchers tried different methods to solve it (Huang et al 2015;Kappel et al 2014;Liu et al 2014;Van der Bruggen et al 2008;Yaman et al 2015). To improve treatment efficiency and water recovery of the system, Rautenbach and Mellis (1994) made the first attempt who returned the NF concentrate back to the bioreactor for the advanced treatment of landfill leachate.…”

Section: Electronic Supplementary Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of returning NF concentrate on the MBR-NF process treating antibiotic production wastewater

Cheng

Jianxing

et al. 2016

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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The optimization of the nanofiltration (NF) concentrate backflow ratio (R cb ) and the influence of the NF concentrate on the performance of membrane bioreactornanofiltration (MBR-NF) process treating antibiotic production wastewater were investigated on a laboratory scale. The R cb was optimized at 60 % based on the removal rates of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and NH 4 + -N by MBR. Data analyses indicated that salinity brought by NF concentrate is the major driver leading to the decrease of sludge activity, especially at a high R cb . EPS analysis showed that electric conductivity (EC), proteins in soluble microbial products (SMP), and SMP brought by NF concentrate are the dominant factors causing the severe membrane fouling in MBR. Furthermore, undegradable substances including fulvic acid-like and humic acid-like compounds accumulated in NF concentrate showed significant influence on fouling of NF. MBR could well degrade small MW compounds in NF concentrate, which confirmed the enhancement of organic removal efficiency by recycling the NF concentrate to MBR. The MBR-NF process showed a relatively stable performance at the R cb of 60 % (volume reduction factor (VRF) = 5), and the NF permeate could satisfy the water quality standard for fermentation process with a water recovery rate of 90.9 %.

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Drawbacks of applying nanofiltration and how to avoid them: A review

Cited by 760 publications

References 174 publications

Experimental Investigation on Performance of Fouling Prediction Devices for NF/RO System

Experimental Investigation on Performance of Fouling Prediction Devices for NF/RO System

Effects of caustic cleaning on pore size of nanofiltration membranes and their rejection of trace organic chemicals

Effects of returning NF concentrate on the MBR-NF process treating antibiotic production wastewater

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