Dramatic enhancement of capillary wave fluctuations of a decorated water surface

Datta, Alokmay; Kundu, Sarathi; Sanyal, M. K.; Daillant, Jean; Luzet, D.; Blot, C.; Struth, Bernd

doi:10.1103/physreve.71.041604

Cited by 33 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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Section: Estimate Of Nonlinear Optofluidic Effects Based On High-q Wgmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is worth remarking that liquid systems with ultralow surface tensions have been experimentally attained using surfactants [28][29][30]. For example, by introducing a bimolecular layer of preformed ferric stearate, one can reduce the surface tension of water down to 1 / mN m [28]. In emulsion or microemulsion systems containing water (a polar fluid) and oil (a nonpolar fluid), surfactants can lower surface tension as small as 1 / N m μ at an optimal concentration [29].…”

Section: Estimate Of Nonlinear Optofluidic Effects Based On High-q Wgmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of radiation pressure induced nonlinear optofluidics

Xu¹,

Zhang²,

Jung³

et al. 2014

Opt. Express

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We analyze two nonlinear optofluidic processes where nonlinearity is induced by the interplay between optical field and liquid interface. Specifically, guided optical waves generate radiation pressure on the liquid interface, which can in turn distort the liquid interface and modify the properties of the optical field. In the first example, we discuss the feasibility of nonlinear optofluidic solitons, where optical field is governed by the nonlinear Schrödinger equation and nonlinearity is effectively determined by liquid properties. Then, we analyze a nonlinear optofluidic process associated with a high quality (Q) factor whispering gallery mode (WGM) in a liquid droplet. Similar to Kerr effects, the WGM can produce a frequency shift proportional to the WGM power. Using liquid properties that are experimentally attainable, we find that it may only take a few photons to generate measurable WGM resonance shift. Such a possibility may eventually lead to nonlinear optics at single photon energy level.

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Section: Estimate Of Nonlinear Optofluidic Effects Based On High-q Wgmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Estimate Of Nonlinear Optofluidic Effects Based On High-q Wgmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of radiation pressure induced nonlinear optofluidics

Xu¹,

Zhang²,

Jung³

et al. 2014

Opt. Express

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show abstract

“…Untill recently, few experiments were conducted to study the interface and validate the theoretical models. For examples, X-ray reflectivity measurements revealed that the liquid-vapor interface exhibits the intrinsic roughness of the surface 8 , and the capillary waves drastically fluctuate on the surface of water 9 , as supporting to…”

mentioning

confidence: 86%

Real-time observation of dynamic structure of liquid-vapor interface at nanometer resolution in electron irradiated sodium chloride crystals

Ren

Wong

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Gang Ren 1 ✉ the dynamics and structure of the liquid and vapor interface has remained elusive for decades due to the lack of an effective tool for directly visualization beyond micrometer resolution. Here, we designed a simple liquid-cell for encapsulating the liquid state of sodium for transmission electron microscopic (TEM) observation. The real-time dynamic structure of the liquid-vapor interface was imaged and videoed by TEM on the sample of electron irradiated sodium chloride (NaCl) crystals, a well-studied sample with low melting temperature and quantum super-shells of clusters. The nanometer resolution images exhibit the fine structures of the capillary waves, composed of first-time observed three zones of structures and features, i.e. flexible nanoscale fibers, nanoparticles/clusters, and a low-pressure area that sucks the nanoparticles from the liquid to the interface. Although the phenomenons were observed based on irradiated NaCl crystals, the similarities of the phenomenons to predictions suggest our real-time ovserved dynamic structure might be useful in validating long-debated theoretical models of the liquid-vapor interface, and enhancing our knowledge in understanding the non-equilibrium thermodynamics of the liquid-vapor interface to benefit future engineering designs in microfluidics.

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“…Again, our results confirm the possibility of optical nonlinearity induced by only a few photons. It is worth mentioning that droplets with low interfacial tensions (σ ≤ 1 mN/m) have been obtained in different studies [41][42][43]. With the help of surfactant, an interfacial tension as low as 1 µN/m was obtained in an emulsion system [44].…”

Section: Single Photon Level Nonlinearitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiation-pressure-induced nonlinearity in microdroplets

et al. 2015

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High quality (Q) factor whispering gallery modes (WGMs) can induce nonlinear effects in liquid droplets through mechanisms such as radiation pressure, Kerr nonlinearity, and thermal effects. However, such nonlinear effects, especially those due to radiation pressure, have yet to be thoroughly investigated and compared in the literature. In this study, we present an analytical approach that can exactly calculate the droplet deformation induced by the radiation pressure. The accuracy of the analytical approach is confirmed through numerical analyses based on the boundary element method. We show that the nonlinear optofluidic effect induced by the radiation pressure is stronger than the Kerr effect and the thermal effect under a large variety of realistic conditions. Using liquids with ultralow and experimentally attainable interfacial tension, we further confirm the prediction that it may only take a few photons to produce measurable WGM resonance shift through radiation-pressure-induced droplet deformation.

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Dramatic enhancement of capillary wave fluctuations of a decorated water surface

Cited by 33 publications

References 29 publications

Analysis of radiation pressure induced nonlinear optofluidics

Analysis of radiation pressure induced nonlinear optofluidics

Real-time observation of dynamic structure of liquid-vapor interface at nanometer resolution in electron irradiated sodium chloride crystals

Radiation-pressure-induced nonlinearity in microdroplets

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