Dramatic Decline of Respiratory Illness Among US Military Recruits After the Renewed Use of Adenovirus Vaccines

Radin, Jennifer M; Hawksworth, Anthony W.; Blair, Patrick J.; Faix, Dennis J.; Raman, Rema; Russell, Kevin L.; Gray, Gregory C.

doi:10.1093/cid/ciu507

Cited by 109 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In the past, febrile acute respiratory disease (ARD) was a major cause of illness among military members, especially those in initial entry training (IET [basic training]), a physically and mentally demanding 6- to 12-week program ( 1 – 5 ). Most cases were caused by infection with adenovirus types 4 and 7; 80% of trainees became infected and 20% were hospitalized ( 5 ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acute Respiratory Disease in US Army Trainees 3 Years after Reintroduction of Adenovirus Vaccine1

Clemmons¹,

McCormic²,

Gaydos³

et al. 2017

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most cases were caused by infection with adenovirus types 4 and 7; 80% of trainees became infected and 20% were hospitalized ( 5 ). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Respiratory Disease in US Army Trainees 3 Years after Reintroduction of Adenovirus Vaccine1

Clemmons¹,

McCormic²,

Gaydos³

et al. 2017

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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“…As mentioned above, vaccine against adenovirus types 4 and 7 was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in March 2011 [23,24]. These are live oral enteric-coated vaccines and are considered safe and effective in the prevention of epidemics of acute respiratory disease in military training camps.…”

Section: Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the United States, an older vaccine against adenovirus types 4 and 7 was given to military recruits from 1971 to 1999, but production was stopped in 1999 given concerns of safety and efficacy. There was a dramatic rise in number of infections noted in the military after that, with spikes in both febrile respiratory illnesses and number of hospitalizations due to adenovirus [23]. Subsequently, a surge of research gave way to reinvigorated use of a new live, oral vaccine against adenovirus types 4 and 7 and was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in March 2011 for U.S. military personnel 17 through 50 years old.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subsequently, a surge of research gave way to reinvigorated use of a new live, oral vaccine against adenovirus types 4 and 7 and was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in March 2011 for U.S. military personnel 17 through 50 years old. The vaccine is currently recommended by the U.S. Department of Defense for military recruits entering basic training in order to prevent acute respiratory disease [23,24]. As per a study done in 2014, reintroduction of the vaccines resulted in 100 fold decline in adenoviral disease burden in the first two years, from 5.8 to 0.02 cases per 1000 person-weeks, with P value of <0.0001 [23].…”

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confidence: 99%

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The Repertoire of Adenovirus in Human Disease: The Innocuous to the Deadly

Khanal¹,

Ghimire²,

Dhamoon³

2018

Preprint

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Abstract:Adenovirus is a family of double stranded DNA viruses that are a significant cause of upper respiratory tract infections in children and adults. Less commonly, the adenovirus family can cause a variety of gastrointestinal, ophthalmologic, genitourinary, and neurologic diseases. Most adenovirus infections are self-limited in the immunocompetent host and are treated with supportive measures. Fatal infections can occur in immunocompromised patients and less frequently in the healthy. Adenoviral vectors are being studied for novel biomedical applications including gene therapy and immunization. In this review we will focus on the spectrum of adenoviral infections in humans.

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Adenoviruses

Echavarría

2015

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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Adenoviruses (AdVs) are non‐enveloped DNA viruses that can cause a wide range of clinical manifestations including respiratory, gastrointestinal and ocular, as well as hepatic, renal and disseminated diseases. Outcomes can range from mild and self‐limited to severe life‐threatening conditions and death. Higher morbidity and mortality is observed with certain AdVs serotypes and among immunocompromised patients. AdVs are capable of evading the immune response and they can produce persistent or latent infections. Therefore, reactivation can occur during immunosuppression. Conventional and molecular methods are used for diagnosis, although the last ones are more sensitive and can be used for quantification. Antivirals, such as ribavirin and cido‐fovir, are used in some patients, especially stem cell transplant recipients. AdV vaccine against serotypes 4 and 7 is available for US military recruits. Early diagnosis of AdVs infections is critical for patient management and infection control measurements. Key Concepts Adenoviruses can cause a variety of clinical manifestations because of high number of serotypes and their wide cell tropism. The implementation of molecular methods for adenovirus diagnosis has increased their awareness in the clinical setting as severe and emerging pathogens. AdV serotypes are defined by neutralisation and haemagglutination assays using specific antisera. Adenoviruses are very stable and highly resistant to inactivation at room temperature. Adenovirus species C can establish a latent infection in lymphocytes of the tonsils and adenoid tissue. Clinical manifestations depend on the host and the serotypes involved and can affect the respiratory, gastrointestinal or ocular tract and the liver, kidney or nervous central system. Severe infections and fatal cases are more frequent in immunocompromised patients such as stem cell transplant recipients. Adenovirus diagnosis in blood requires the use of molecular methods. An oral attenuated live adenovirus vaccine against serotypes 4 and 7 is available for US militaries to prevent respiratory disease.

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Dramatic Decline of Respiratory Illness Among US Military Recruits After the Renewed Use of Adenovirus Vaccines

Abstract: These data strongly support the continued production and use of Ad4 and Ad7 vaccines in controlling FRI among US military trainees. Continued surveillance for emerging adenovirus subtypes is warranted.

Cited by 109 publications

References 22 publications

Acute Respiratory Disease in US Army Trainees 3 Years after Reintroduction of Adenovirus Vaccine1

Acute Respiratory Disease in US Army Trainees 3 Years after Reintroduction of Adenovirus Vaccine1

The Repertoire of Adenovirus in Human Disease: The Innocuous to the Deadly

Adenoviruses

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