Drag reduction and rheological properties of cationic viscoelastic surfactant formulations

Influence of Surfactant Concentration and Counterion to Surfactant Ratio on Rheology of Wormlike Micelles

“…It is generally true that higher counterion to surfactant ratio, ξ , solutions have higher upper temperature limits, as several authors have shown (1,2,(23)(24)(25)(26), because the excess counterions (ξ = 2.5) stabilize the micelle length and the number of micelles. It has been widely stated in the literature that rodlike micelles are essential for surfactant solutions to be drag reducing.…”

Influence of ionic strength on complex formation between poly(ethylene oxide) and cationic surfactant and turbulent wall shear stress in aqueous solution

“…The addition of small amounts of high-molecular weight polymers or surfactants to a fluid in a fully developed turbulent flow can cause a dramatic reduction of the turbulent wall shear stress [1][2][3]. This phenomenon, known as turbulent drag reduction (DR), was discovered more than fifty years ago [4].…”

New limiting drag reduction and velocity profile asymptotes for nonpolymeric additives systems

“…energy requirements (Rose et al, 1984;Pollert et al, 1994). In district heating systems, cogeneration or waste heat sources are used to heat water in a primary loop which circulates the hot water to heat-exchange stations.…”