Drafting’s Improvement of 3000-m Running Performance in Elite Athletes: Is It a Placebo Effect?

Abstract

This effect could not be explained by a reduced energy expenditure or cardiorespiratory effort as a result of drafting. This raises the possibility that drafting may aid running performance by both physiological and nonphysiological (ie, psychological) effects.

Pacing and Performance in the 6 World Marathon Majors

“…This observation is in line with that made by who assessed the historical development of pacing strategies in world best marathon performances. This ability to achieve such a uniform pacing strategy may be enhanced through the use of designated "pacemakers" who may reduce the psychological burden of regulating speed in competition, and thereby improve performance (Zouhal et al, 2015). During a 3000 m running time trial, presence of a pacemaker resulted in lower blood lactate concentrations and reduced RPE (Zouhal et al, 2015).…”

“…This ability to achieve such a uniform pacing strategy may be enhanced through the use of designated "pacemakers" who may reduce the psychological burden of regulating speed in competition, and thereby improve performance (Zouhal et al, 2015). During a 3000 m running time trial, presence of a pacemaker resulted in lower blood lactate concentrations and reduced RPE (Zouhal et al, 2015). Running with pacemakers also helps eliminate air resistance, thereby saving energy and reducing oxygen consumption by 8% at a speed of 21.5 kph (Pugh, 1970).…”

A Computer Model of Drafting Effects on Collective Behavior in Elite 10,000-m Runners

“…Whilst Hanley 19 has demonstrated that competitors in the World Half Marathon championships often form groups, and those athletes who run in groups throughout tend to display a greater 'endspurt' in the final stages, the reasons for this are unclear. It is plausible that this could result from the athletes achieving speeds whereby there is some energetic benefit from drafting behavior 20 , or because of a reduced cognitive load due to a reduction in the need to make continuous pacing decisions 21 , or some combination of the two.…”

Placebo or Cost of Changing Speed?

“…Based on Table 2 data (means) in Zouhal et al, 1 we propose our results-driven indication. In the drafting section, 3000-mD speed was more constant (19.2 ± 0.3 vs 19.2 ± 0.6 km/h; CV% 1 vs 3).…”

“…1 We share interest in investigating the mechanism by which drafting improves medium-to high-speed sports such as running and cycling. .…”