“…These bacteria have been investigated at the genetic level, leading to the identification of a large number of genes associated with halotolerance. These include groES and groEL (Patel et al, 2018), dnaJK, htpGX, grpE, clpB, clpX, andclpE (Yu et al, 2021), dnaK and dnaJ (Zhichang et al, 2010), groL, groS, and hspQ (Xia et al, 2023), ibpA, clpXP, and ibpB (Horváth et al, 2008, clpC (Chao et al, 2005), htpX (Liu et al, 2016), AtTPK3 (Carraretto, 2013), mrpABCDEFG (Suarez et al, 2019), kdp operon (Liu et al, 2016), MRP (Cui et al, 2020b), czcD and czcR (Asaf et al, 2020), copD and rcnA (Girma et al, 2020), and yjbQ (Gilhar et al, 2022). During high salinity conditions, the ion homeostasis of plants is mainly disturbed due to the inward movement of Na+ ions and outward movement of K+ ions (Demidchik et al, 2002;Mäser et al, 2002;Khan et al, 2020).…”