Doxorubicin‐Conjugated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Surface Engineering and Biomedical Investigation

Abstract

Development of therapeutic systems to treat glioblastoma, the most common and aggressive brain tumor, belongs to priority tasks in cancer research. We have synthesized colloidally stable magnetic nanoparticles (Dh=336 nm) coated with doxorubicin (Dox) conjugated copolymers of N,N‐dimethylacrylamide and either N‐acryloylglycine methyl ester or N‐acryloylmethyl 6‐aminohexanoate. The terminal carboxyl groups of the copolymers were reacted with alendronate by carbodiimide formation. Methyl ester groups were then transferred to hydrazides for binding Dox by a hydrolytically labile hydrazone bond. The polymers were subsequently bound on the magnetic nanoparticles through bisphosphonate terminal groups. Finally, the anticancer effect of the Dox‐conjugated particles was investigated using the U‐87 glioblastoma cell line in terms of particle internalization and cell viability, which decreased to almost zero at a concentration of 100 μg of particles per ml. These results confirmed that poly(N,N‐dimethylacrylamide)‐coated magnetic nanoparticles can serve as a solid support for Dox delivery to glioblastoma cells.

Colloidally Stable P(DMA-AGME)-Ale-Coated Gd(Tb)F3:Tb3+(Gd3+),Yb3+,Nd3+ Nanoparticles as a Multimodal Contrast Agent for Down- and Upconversion Luminescence, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, and Computed Tomography

“…Co-doping of Tb 3+ with Yb 3+ was selected to shift the up-conversion emission under 980 nm, while doping with paramagnetic Nd 3+ ions was chosen to absorb photons at 808 nm. Advantage of poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) (PDMA) coating consisted in that it has been already successfully used in biomedicine, including MRI and drug delivery systems, due to its excellent hydrophilicity and biocompatibility [29,31,32]. Last but not least, N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMA) is easy to copolymerize with various functional comonomers to introduce reactive groups for subsequent attachment of biomolecules.…”

“…Isoflurane was obtained from Baxter (San Juan, Puerto Rico). Alendronate-modified poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide-co-N-acryloylglycine methyl ester) [P(DMA-AGME)-Ale; M w = 11,000 g/mol] (Figure 1) was synthesized according to previously published procedure [29]. All chemicals were used directly without further purification.…”

“…Nanomaterials 2021, 11, x FOR PEER REVIEW 4 of 21 ously published procedure [29]. All chemicals were used directly without further purification.…”

“…The particle morphology was examined on a Tecnai Spirit G2 transmission electron microscope (TEM; FEI; Brno, Czech Republic). Particle size distribution characterized by dispersity (Ð) was obtained by counting 300 particles from the TEM micrographs to determine the number-(D n ) and weight-average particle diameter (D w ) [29]:…”

Diverse Particle Carriers Prepared by Co‐Precipitation and Phase Separation: Formation and Applications

“…Particles can be composed of biocompatible materials, metallic materials, magnetic materials or optical materials, [1][2][3][4] and have very rich functionality, showing broad application prospects. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] Nanoprecipitation is a green bottom-up technique to prepare particles through nucleation and growth.…”