Downregulation of IFN-γ production in patients with recurrent vaginal candidiasis

Increased Levels ofCandida albicansMannan-Specific T-Cell-Derived Antigen Binding Molecules in Patients with Invasive Candidiasis

“…Unlike in the earlier study by Little et al (25), we noticed no difference between the CAM-TABM levels of RVVC patients and those of the controls in the present work, which probably resulted from the use of different patient material. The previous findings of cellular immunity in patients with RVVC have been controversial: after C. albicans stimulation, decreased (3,6), similar (8), or increased (34) levels of lymphoproliferation and IFN-␥ production of the PBMCs of RVVC patients compared with those of the PBMCs of controls were suggested. Positive C. albicans anal swab specimen culture results indicating gastrointestinal colonization was noticed in 38% (42 of 110) of the study patients.…”

The use of Phyllanthus niruri L. as an immunomodulator for the treatment of infectious diseases in clinical settings

“…In fact, 75% of women experience vaginal candidiasis at least once during their lifetime [71]. Insufficiency of IFN-γ due to T-lymphocyte dysfunction was a predisposing factor to the recurrent vaginal candidiasis [72]. Promoting the host's specific immune response to candida is critical for the healing process of candidal infections [73].…”

“…On the contrary, in patients receiving P. niruri, the IFN-γ levels after 7 days of treatment, and 1 to 3 months of follow-up [(138.00 ± 34.67) pg/mL, (159.10 ± 58.76) pg/mL and (128.48 ± 24.92) pg/mL, respectively] were all significantly higher than that of baseline [(120.14 ± 44.51) pg/mL], and significantly higher than those of patients without P. niruri treatment (P = 0.004, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, at 7 days of treatment, 1 and 3 months of follow-up, respectively) [23]. Elevation of IFN-γ level indicates an augmented activity of the T-helper 1 cellular immune response, with concurrent suppression of IL-4 and IL-10 secretion by Th2 subsets, and activation of the macrophages necessary for candida eradication from the vaginal tissues [72,76].…”

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“…There is a strong association between atopy and RVVC [84], and a few studies have shown an association between RVVC and allergy to C. albicans [85], allergic conditions such as rhinitis, asthma and other familial allergies [84,86,87]. Higher levels of vaginal anticandida IgA and IgG have been reported in women with RVVC than those without [86].…”

“…Higher levels of vaginal anticandida IgA and IgG have been reported in women with RVVC than those without [86]. C. albicans can act as an allergen in some cases and it's been suggested that local hypersensitivity to the yeast can contribute to a prolongation and recurrence of genital candidiasis [84].…”