Down-Sampling of Point Clouds for the Technical Diagnostics of Buildings and Structures

Suchocki, Czesław; Błaszczak-Bąk, Wioleta

doi:10.3390/geosciences9020070

Cited by 35 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Recently, the intensity values recorded by TLSs have been increasingly used in multiple fields of civil engineering. So far, authors have conducted thorough and successful research programmes dedicated to harnessing TLS intensity data to detect the saturation of building materials [29,41], using TLS intensity data to detect defects on the building wall [27], or applying TLS geometrical data to detect cracks and cavities in building objects [42]. In these studies, different types of scanners (TOF and PS) from different manufacturers were used.…”

Section: Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Time-of-Flight and Phase-Shift TLS Intensity Data for the Diagnostics Measurements of Buildings

Suchocki

2020

Materials

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In recent years, the terrestrial laser scanning system (TLS) has become one of the most popular remote and nondestructive testing (NDT) methods for diagnostic measurements of buildings and structures as well as for the assessment of architectural heritage. Apart from 3D coordinates, the power of a laser beam backscattered from the scanned object can be captured by TLS. The radiometric information of the point cloud, called “intensity”, can provide information about changes in the physio–chemical properties of the scanned surface. This intensity can be effectively used to detect defects in the surfaces of walls, such as cracks and cavities, moisture, biodeterioration (mosses and lichens) or weathered parts of the wall. Manufacturers of TLS mainly use two different principles for distance measurement, time-of-flight (TOF) and phase-shift (PS). The power of energy in both types of rangefinders might be absorbed or reflected in a slightly different way and provide more or less detailed radiometric point cloud information. The main aim of this investigation is to compare TOF and PS scanners in the context of using TLS intensity data for the diagnostics of buildings and other structures. The potential of TLS intensity data for detecting defects in building walls has been tested on multiple samples by two TOF (Riegl VZ400i, Leica ScanStation C10) and two PS (Z + F 5016 IMAGER, Faro Focus3D) scanners.

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Section: Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Time-of-Flight and Phase-Shift TLS Intensity Data for the Diagnostics Measurements of Buildings

Suchocki

2020

Materials

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“…As end-users of 3D scanning technology, architects are responsible for not only understanding relevant information from a dataset but for also identifying factors that may affect a dataset during scanning such as environmental conditions, meteorological conditions, atmospheric pollution [45,46], scanner mechanisms, object properties, and scanning geometries [47]. In this case, point cloud data usually present technical issues related to dataset transformation and computational processing.…”

Section: Correction Of the Raw Datasetmentioning

confidence: 99%

A computational workflow to analyse material properties and solar radiation of existing contexts from attribute information of point cloud data

Alkadri

Turrin

Sarıyıldız

2019

Building and Environment

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This paper investigates a prospective application of point cloud data in supporting the contextual analysis of the built environment during the conceptual design process. Often, the complexity of site information causes architects to neglect several relevant properties that may affect environmental performance analysis, especially when dealing with a complex design case. For example, the current approaches of 3D site modelling lack an understanding of the site characteristics of existing environments with respect to either geometrical or material properties. With the advancement of 3D laser scanning technologies, capturing complex information from real contexts offers great possibilities for architects. From geometric and radiometric information stored within point cloud data, this study specifically proposes a novel approach to contextual analysis that considers material aspects and simulates solar radiation in the real environment. In doing so, three computational stages are developed. First, the correction of a raw dataset is designed to not only minimize errors during the scanning process but to also clean the selected dataset. Second, material exploration and the simulation of solar radiation are respectively used to calculate material properties and solar energy in the existing built environment. Third, an integrated environmental simulation aims at identifying materials found in existing areas within a certain level of insolation. As a form of design decision-making support, the present study ultimately generates a computational workflow for analysing the built environment from which architects may conduct a comprehensive analysis of an existing context before initiating design exploration.

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“…So far, researchers have conducted a thorough and successful research program dedicated to the reduction of datasets from TLS measurements concerning buildings and structures, especially in the context of their technical diagnostics [15,16]. In those studies, the OptD method was applied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automatic Threat Detection for Historic Buildings in Dark Places Based on the Modified OptD Method

Błaszczak-Bąk

Suchocki

Janicka

et al. 2020

IJGI

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Historic buildings, due to their architectural, cultural, and historical value, are the subject of preservation and conservatory works. Such operations are preceded by an inventory of the object. One of the tools that can be applied for such purposes is Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR). This technology provides information about the position, reflection, and intensity values of individual points; thus, it allows for the creation of a realistic visualization of the entire scanned object. Due to the fact that LiDAR allows one to ‘see’ and extract information about the structure of an object without the need for external lighting or daylight, it can be a reliable and very convenient tool for data analysis for improving safety and avoiding disasters. The main goal of this paper is to present an approach of automatic wall defect detection in unlit sites by means of a modified Optimum Dataset (OptD) method. In this study, the results of Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) measurements conducted in two historic buildings in rooms without daylight are presented. One location was in the basement of the ruins of a medieval tower located in Dobre Miasto, Poland, and the second was in the basement of a century-old building located at the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland. The measurements were performed by means of a Leica C-10 scanner. The acquired dataset of x, y, z, and intensity was processed by the OptD method. The OptD operates in such a way that within the area of interest where surfaces are imperfect (e.g., due to cracks and cavities), more points are preserved, while at homogeneous surfaces (areas of low interest), more points are removed (redundant information). The OptD algorithm was additionally modified by introducing options to detect and segment defects on a scale from 0 to 3 (0—harmless, 1—to the inventory, 2—requiring repair, 3—dangerous). The survey results obtained proved the high effectiveness of the modified OptD method in the detection and segmentation of the wall defects. The values of area of changes were calculated. The obtained information about the size of the change can be used to estimate the costs of repair, renovation, and reconstruction.

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Down-Sampling of Point Clouds for the Technical Diagnostics of Buildings and Structures

Cited by 35 publications

References 38 publications

Comparison of Time-of-Flight and Phase-Shift TLS Intensity Data for the Diagnostics Measurements of Buildings

Comparison of Time-of-Flight and Phase-Shift TLS Intensity Data for the Diagnostics Measurements of Buildings

A computational workflow to analyse material properties and solar radiation of existing contexts from attribute information of point cloud data

Automatic Threat Detection for Historic Buildings in Dark Places Based on the Modified OptD Method

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