Down‐conversion materials for organic solar cells: Progress, challenges, and perspectives

Datt, Ram; Bishnoi, Swati; Lee, Harrison Ka Hin; Arya, Sandeep; Gupta, Sonal; Gupta, Vinay

doi:10.1002/agt2.185

Cited by 38 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 157 publications

(196 reference statements)

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“…In another study, the upconversion efficiency of the Yb 2 O 3 polycrystal was also shown to be at least one order higher than the well-known β phase NaYF 4 :Yb 3+ , Er 3+ . Some of the conspicuous applications involve but are not limited to metal codoping for innovative photovoltaics, using different excitation ranges (electronic configuration) to obtain upconversion luminescence and external modifications to obtain up- or downconversion. , …”

Section: Applications and Prospects Of Rare Earth Oxidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…15 Some of the conspicuous applications involve but are not limited to metal codoping for innovative photovoltaics, 74 using different excitation ranges (electronic configuration) to obtain upconversion luminescence 75 and external modifications to obtain up-or downconversion. 76,77 Aside from the implementation in conversion, REOs are also being used for surface modification in porous silicon-based solar cells. The degradation of the porous electrode surface due to the environment may create additional trap states in the prohibited bands that limit the wafer efficiency.…”

Section: Applications and Prospects Of Rare Earth Oxidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Current Applications and Future Potential of Rare Earth Oxides in Sustainable Nuclear, Radiation, and Energy Devices: A Review

Hossain

Raihan

Akbar

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Electron. Mater.

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To date, rare earth oxides (REOs) have proven to be key components in generating sustainable energy solutions, ensuring environmental safety and economic progress due to their diverse attributes. REOs' exceptional optical, thermodynamic, and chemical properties have made them indispensable in a variety of sophisticated technologies, including electric vehicle magnets, portable energy devices, fuel cell catalysts, radiation shielding, dosimetry, and many others. Therefore, the successful incorporation of rare earth elements (REEs) into host materials in controlled concentrations offers competitive advantages to fabricate portable energy devices, radiation sensors, and radiation shielding glasses, as well as to improve the performance of existing photovoltaic cells, which is of great interest to both researchers and industry. As the global demand for REEs grows rapidly, it is critical to comprehend the underlying physics as well as the wider consequences of REEs on sustainable energy and nuclear technologies, both in the near and long term. However, despite their relevance, a focused review on the applications, prospects, and challenges of REOs in photovoltaics, nuclear, and energy devices is still unavailable. To this effort, this review succinctly reports recent experimental studies on eight REOs (R 2 O 3 , R = Yb, Er, Sm, Eu, Y, Gd, Dy, and Ce) and their specific applications and industrial aspects. While several subdomains are reported, the applications of REOs in next-generation solar cells and photovoltaic devices for promoting zero-emission clean energy and rechargeable batteries for electric vehicles (EVs) are the most pioneering ones. Furthermore, REOs' chemical stability and compositional versatility allow them to be used in a variety of high-efficiency energy converters, including solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). From the perspective of thermodynamic and structural stability, the gamma and neutron absorptivity of REO-doped (such as Dy 3+ , Eu 3+ , Sm 3+ , Nd 3+ , etc.) glasses shows improved shielding performance in radiation domains. Aside from the applications, the prospects of REOs presented in this article are likely to encourage current and future scholars to pursue a wide range of important studies in the fields of energy and nuclear systems. This review also reports the key challenges (i.e., material degradation, phase transformation, magnetic entropy shift, etc.) associated with REOs in a standalone section. These challenges demand the immediate attention of scientists and engineers for efficient, costeffective, and environmentally sustainable solutions. At the end, future advancement pathways for REO applications are also suggested.

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Section: Applications and Prospects Of Rare Earth Oxidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Applications and Prospects Of Rare Earth Oxidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Applications and Future Potential of Rare Earth Oxides in Sustainable Nuclear, Radiation, and Energy Devices: A Review

Hossain

Raihan

Akbar

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Electron. Mater.

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“…[ 95 ] However, in practicality, this convention is not followed and the term DC is used for materials with a less‐than‐unity QE. [ 96 ] In this review, the DC term has been used for reported materials. The DC materials can be used to overcome the poor blue response of solar cells.…”

Section: Materials and Their Properties For Solar Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Downconversion Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells

et al. 2022

Self Cite

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Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have made game‐changing progress in the last decade and reached a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of up to 25%. Furthermore, the development of material chemistry, structure design, active layer composition, process engineering, etc. has contributed to improving PSCs’ stability. The significant PCE losses experienced by PSCs are related to spectral mismatch between the incident solar spectra and absorption range of the active layer, which thereby limits the PCE. Besides PSCs’ performance, the photoinduced degradation is also a major concern. Recently, lanthanide (rare‐earth) and nonlanthanide‐based downconversion (DC) materials have been introduced to resolve these spectral mismatch losses as well as reduce the photoinduced degradation. The DC materials improve the photovoltaic performance by converting ultraviolet (UV) light to visible, also providing UV shielding, and thus contribute to increasing the efficiency as well as stability of PSCs. Moreover, the Shockley–Queisser efficiency limit of the solar cell can be crossed with the help of DC materials. In this review, the importance, processing, and the reported DC materials for PSCs are thoroughly discussed. Furthermore, the development of DC materials and their impact on PSCs’ performance and stability, along with their future perspectives, are focused.

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“…The DS and DC materials both involve an optical process of converting high-energy photons to lower-energy ones. Differently, DC converts one high-energy photon into two lower-energy ones, while DS converts one high-energy photon into another photon with lower energy [ 45 ]. For this reason, the DC differs from the DS in regard to their quantum efficiency.…”

Section: Working Principle and Figure-of-merit Of Spectral Conversion...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Solar spectral management for natural photosynthesis: from photonics designs to potential applications

Shen

Yin

2022

Nano Convergence

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Photosynthesis is the most important biological process on Earth that converts solar energy to chemical energy (biomass) using sunlight as the sole energy source. The yield of photosynthesis is highly sensitive to the intensity and spectral components of light received by the photosynthetic organisms. Therefore, photon engineering has the potential to increase photosynthesis. Spectral conversion materials have been proposed for solar spectral management and widely investigated for photosynthesis by modifying the quality of light reaching the organisms since the 1990s. Such spectral conversion materials manage the photon spectrum of light by a photoconversion process, and a primary challenge faced by these materials is increasing their efficiencies. This review focuses on emerging spectral conversion materials for augmenting the photosynthesis of plants and microalgae, with a special emphasis on their fundamental design and potential applications in both greenhouse settings and microalgae cultivation systems. Finally, a discussion about the future perspectives in this field is made to overcome the remaining challenges.

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Down‐conversion materials for organic solar cells: Progress, challenges, and perspectives

Cited by 38 publications

References 157 publications

Current Applications and Future Potential of Rare Earth Oxides in Sustainable Nuclear, Radiation, and Energy Devices: A Review

Current Applications and Future Potential of Rare Earth Oxides in Sustainable Nuclear, Radiation, and Energy Devices: A Review

Downconversion Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells

Solar spectral management for natural photosynthesis: from photonics designs to potential applications

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