Double-Outlet Right Ventricle in an Angus Calf

Abstract

Double‐outlet right ventricle (DORV) is a conotruncal malformation where both great arteries arise from the right ventricle. Anatomic variations of DORV are classified according to the position of the great arteries in relation to each other, the relationship between a ventricular septal defect (VSD) and the great arteries, and the presence and degree of pulmonary stenosis. The prevalence of congenital cardiac defects in bovine fetuses has been reported at approximately 0.7 %, with VSDs representing the most common congenital cardiac defect. DORV has been described in veterinary literature in few cats and dogs, a foal, and 2 calves with variable clinical and pathologic documentation. In this report, we describe the angiographic, echocardiographic, and postmortem examination findings in a calf with a DORV with concurrent pulmonary stenosis, subaortic VSD, patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), aberrant left subclavian artery, and a tracheal malformation.

Zyanose bei einem Kalb mit einem Double Outlet Right Ventricle

“…Bei Hund und Katze kommt ein DORV sehr selten vor und die Fälle unterscheiden sich teils deutlich bezüglich Unterform und zusätzlicher Defekte (1,21,24,39,40). Auch die publizierten Fälle beim Kalb differieren in ihrer Ausprägung und damit klinischen Symptomatik und Lebenserwartung deutlich (15,32,43,44). Die am häufigsten beobachtete Form ist der DORV mit Dextroposition der Aorta um > 50 % und einer Pulmonalstenose, die einer Tetralogie nach Fallot ähnelt.…”

“…Beim Menschen zählt der DORV zu den seltenen Defekten mit 0,03 bis 0,14 pro 1000 Geburten (13,18,20,31,33). In der veterinärmedizinischen Literatur finden sich Beschreibungen eines DORV bei verschiedenen Tierarten wie Katze (1,21,30,40), Hund (24,39), Rind (15,32,43,44) und Pferd (8), wobei es sich in erster Linie um Fallberichte handelt. Die Prävalenz kongenitaler Herzerkrankungen beim Kalb wurde in einer Studie an Feten mit 0,7 % ermittelt (22).…”

Double-outlet right ventricle and double septal defects in a Rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta)

“…The defect affects 1–1.5% of patients with congenital heart disease with a frequency of 1 in 10,000 live births in human beings. 16 DORV has been described in the veterinary literature in cats, 1,9,15,19 foals 5,7,21 and calves, 17,23,24 with variable clinical and pathologic manifestations. In the current report, the clinical observations, radiographs, electrocardiogram, gross, and histopathologic findings in a Rhesus macaque with a DORV are described.…”

Double‐outlet right ventricle in a 10‐month‐old Friesian filly

“…Definitive diagnosis and characterisation of the disorder is made with echocardiography 11 . Two reports describe the echocardiographic findings in a calf 12 and foal 1 with DORV. Despite adequate image quality, those investigators had difficulty in diagnosing DORV on the basis of echocardiographic findings, and further characterisation necessitated angiography 1,12 .…”

“…Two reports describe the echocardiographic findings in a calf 12 and foal 1 with DORV. Despite adequate image quality, those investigators had difficulty in diagnosing DORV on the basis of echocardiographic findings, and further characterisation necessitated angiography 1,12 . Echocardiography is now widely used in equine medicine and descriptions of rare lesions will enable improved diagnosis in the future.…”