Double-outlet right ventricle and double septal defects in a Rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta)

Abstract

A 6-year-old male India-origin Rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) presented with thin body condition and muscular atrophy. Thoracic auscultation revealed a grade VI/VI pansystolic murmur bilaterally. Radiographs showed cardiomegaly with significant left atrial and biventricular enlargement, a dilated pulmonary artery, and hepatomegaly. Electrocardiogram revealed a normal sinus rhythm interspersed with ventricular bigeminy. Hematology showed mild polycythemia and prerenal azotemia. Necropsy demonstrated double-outlet right ventricle with a large subaortic ventricular septal defect, subpulmonary stenosis, small atrial septal defect, and right ventricular hypertrophy. The major histological finding was severe chronic passive hepatic congestion. Double-outlet right ventricle is a rare congenital heart disease, both in human beings and animals.

Modern diagnostics and treatment of combined congenital cardiovascular system and gastrointestinal tract malformations

“…But according to some theoretical data, heart defects without cyanosis with pulmonary blood overflow are registered in 49 % and with cyanosis with decreased pulmonary blood flow -in 19 % in the structure of all congenital heart defects [5]. The rare defect of cardiovascular system development -a double-outlet of right ventricle in which both the aorta and the pulmonary artery completely or predominantly originate from the right ventricle is of great interest, it occurs in 1 % of cases in humans and, in rare cases even in animals [6,7]. This heart defect can also be combined with other defects or be a part of combined developmental anomalies.…”